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. 2019 Feb 13;9:1981. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38096-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dual-Stage Regenerative AMI Procedure. (A) In the first stage of surgery, two separate regenerative muscle grafts (circumscribed by dotted lines) innervated with the tibial and peroneal nerves are constructed and sutured to the biceps femoris. (B) During the second surgical stage, grafts are mobilized from the scar bed, coapted by their tendons to form an AMI, and sutured to fascia. (C) After 5 weeks, electrophysiological, histological, and mechanical testing is performed. Under stimulation, the agonist graft contracts while the antagonist undergoes extension. Figure based on original artwork by Stephanie Ku.