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. 2019 Feb 13;9:1981. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38096-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Reinnervation and Atrophy Trends. (A) Average graft size (n = 5 each) and standard deviation at each surgical step or final testing session is shown; dual-stage AMIs (black) underwent similar rates of atrophy to single-stage AMIs (red) but were significantly less atrophied when compared to the separated grafts (green). (B) Insertional needle EMG activity levels in the dual-stage AMI (black) are compared to those in the contralateral gastrocnemius (red) (n = 5) and demonstrate reinnervation of the grafts over the course of 40 days.