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. 2019 Feb 13;9:1981. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38096-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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M-wave and H-wave Trends. (A) Shown are average m-wave (black) and h-wave (red) amplitudes at each stimulation amplitude (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 mA). (B) Shown are average EMG amplitudes of m and h waves in response to 100 us, squarewave stimulation pulses on the tibial nerve (n = 150). As m-wave amplitude increases, h-wave amplitude decreases. (C) Electrophysiological set up to measure afferent signals generated from the antagonist due to agonist contraction. A stimulation pulse is applied to the agonist nerve while measuring ENG from the antagonist nerve to survey for afferent feedback signals. (D) Graded afferent signals correlated linearly with antagonist strain demonstrating that the agonist and antagonist grafts performed proportionally coupled excursion and appropriate mechanotransduction.