FIG 5.

G. mellonella infection with DAP^s/r and derivative strains. Groups of larvae (10/group) were inoculated with 10 µl PBS (uninfected control group) or bacterial suspension containing 1.5 × 10⁶ CFU/ml DAP^s CB5013 and DAP^r CB5014 (A) and its corresponding mutant and complemented strains, CB5014ΔvraSR and CB5014ΔvraSR+vraSR (B), into the last proleg and incubated at 37°C. Worms were checked daily, and any deaths were recorded, for a total of 10 days. A minimum of three independent experimental replicates were performed for each experiment. Similar analyses were performed with DAP^s CB1631 and DAP^r CB1634 (C) and its corresponding mutant and complemented strains, CB1634ΔvraSR and CB1634ΔvraSR+vraSR (D). Survival data were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and expressed as percentage of survival versus time. Statistically significant differences were determined using the log rank test (**, P < 0.01).