Table 3.
Fixed effects of the linear mixed effects models predicting number of errors in word spelling.
| Monolinguals | Multilinguals | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | SE | z | Significance | b | SE | z | Significance | ||
| (1) | (Intercept) | 0.14 | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.66 | 0.41 | 1.60 | ||
| Switching | -0.36 | 0.16 | -2.19 | ∗ | -0.27 | 0.23 | -1.16 | ||
| Inhibition | -0.08 | 0.16 | -0.49 | -0.46 | 0.21 | -2.16 | ∗ | ||
| WM | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.81 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 1.01 | |||
| R2m/R2c | 0.03/0.5 | 0.04/0.58 | |||||||
| (2) | (Intercept) | 0.16 | 0.34 | 0.48 | 0.63 | 0.38 | 1.68 | + | |
| Switching | -0.22 | 0.14 | -1.53 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.34 | |||
| Inhibition | -0.04 | 0.14 | -0.27 | -0.37 | 0.17 | -2.17 | ∗ | ||
| Lexicon | -0.23 | 0.15 | -1.52 | -0.47 | 0.18 | -2.58 | ∗ | ||
| PA | -0.59 | 0.15 | -4.00 | ∗∗∗ | -0.67 | 0.18 | -3.77 | ∗∗∗ | |
| R2m/R2c | 0.09/0.5 | 0.12/0.55 | |||||||
Regression models were calculated for mono- and multilinguals separately. In model (1) the three EF components are included as predictors, and predictors in model (2) are lexicon size, PA and the significant EF from (1). R2m represents the variance explained by the fixed effects and R2c by fixed and random effects. (Significance ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗p < 0.05, +p < 0.1).