. AF: atrial fibrillation; CHF: congestive heart failure or use of cardiac glycosides; GP: general practitioner; MI: myocardial infarction; TIA: transient is-chaemic attack; OAC: oral anticoagulant, defined by prescription of vitamin K antagonist (VKA), read medical codes or mentioning in clinical notes of VKA use, or ≥2 INR tests in 60 days prior to index AF. *Study endpoint in the 14 days before the first AF record, within hospital stay, or within 7 days following AF/hospital discharge.