Source: Author’s calculations based on the 1984–1986, 1996, 2004, and 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation panels.
Notes: Women age eighteen to forty-five who give birth during one of the panels. Plots show changes in labor-force participation from twenty-four months before to twenty-four months after birth (plotting the coefficients from equation (1) with dependent variable an indicator for being in the labor force estimated separately by education and parity).