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editorial

. 2019 Feb 13;23:46. doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2325-9

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — The gut-lung axis in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and proposed working mechanism of probiotics. IL interleukin, TGF-β transforming growth factor-β, SCFA short-chain fatty acids