Table 3:
Costs of randomized controlled trials supported by electronic health records*
| Type of data extraction from EHR source; investigator | EHR source preexisting | Intervention integrated during routine care (no additional staff needed) | Total trial cost, US$ | No. of patients† | Cost per patient, US$ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Automatic | |||||
| Bereznicki et al.,18 2008 | Yes | Yes | 67 750†† | 1551 | 44 |
| Manual | |||||
| Green et al.,24 2013 | Yes | No | 2 800 000§ | 5000 | 560 |
| Piazza et al.,30 2013 | Unclear | No | 5 026 000¶ | 2513 | 2000 |
| Wolf et al.,34 2005 | Yes | Yes | 86 753** | 1978 | 44 |
| Unclear whether automatic or manual | |||||
| McCarren et al.,27 2013 | Yes | Yes | 69 300†† | 220 | 315 |
Note: EHR = electronic health record.
In all trials, the EHR was used for recruitment (retrospective) and outcome assessment (all with EHR alone).
As reported by authors for these costs data.
Total received funding, including $42 157 for staff costs for the duration of the project, $6132 for a consultant programmer (for software development), $15 330 for pharmacy payments and $6132 for nonsalary costs such as printing, postage and travel.
Total received funding.
Study costs were $2000 per patient and included costs of the trial start-up and close out.
Total cost of the colorectal cancer screening promotional effort (intervention only).
Total received funding. “Most of the [working] time was donated.”