TABLE 1.
Summary Statistics for 6-year Echocardiographic Measures by Initial Shunt Group
| MBTS | RVPAS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean ± SD | n | Mean ± SD | p Value | |
| RV systolic size and function | |||||
| End systolic volume, ml/BSA1.3 | 55 | 45.16±11.55 | 61 | 48.27±18.72 | 0.28 |
| End systolic area, cm2/BSA0.8 | 90 | 15.51±3.69 | 101 | 15.98±4.24 | 0.42 |
| Ejection fraction, biplane pyramidal, % | 55 | 45.34±6.07 | 62 | 45.81±6.38 | 0.68 |
| Ejection fraction, biplane pyramidal, % | 55 | 62 | >.99 | ||
| ≤ 40%, n (%) | 11 (20.0%) | 12 (19.4%) | |||
| > 40%, n (%) | 44 (80.0%) | 50 (80.6%) | |||
| Fractional area change, % | 90 | 32.47±5.70 | 102 | 33.26±5.69 | 0.34 |
| Peak systolic velocity, cm/sec | 65 | 6.06±1.23 | 75 | 5.99±1.21 | 0.76 |
| Peak systolic velocity for age, z-score | 65 | −1.68±0.79 | 75 | −1.74±0.75 | 0.65 |
| Isovolumic contraction acceleration, cm/sec/sec | 55 | 31.44±9.90 | 59 | 29.63±9.55 | 0.32 |
| RV diastolic size and function | |||||
| End diastolic volume/BSA1.3 | 55 | 82.52±18.40 | 62 | 88.02±28.61 | 0.21 |
| End diastolic area/BSA0.8 | 90 | 22.90±4.76 | 102 | 23.77±5.54 | 0.25 |
| RV sphericity index | 90 | 1.28±0.30 | 103 | 1.25±0.28 | 0.41 |
| Tricuspid valve peak early velocity, m/sec | 98 | 0.87±0.25 | 106 | 0.85±0.24 | 0.67 |
| Tricuspid valve peak early velocity for age, z-score | 98 | −0.21±1.34 | 106 | −0.29±1.27 | 0.66 |
| Tricuspid valve peak atrial velocity, m/sec | 84 | 0.65±0.22 | 91 | 0.61±0.20 | 0.17 |
| Tricuspid valve peak atrial velocity for age, z-score | 84 | 1.60±1.80 | 91 | 1.25±1.61 | 0.18 |
| E/A ratio | 84 | 1.42±0.52 | 91 | 1.48±0.54 | 0.44 |
| E/A ratio for age, z-score | 84 | −1.06±0.82 | 91 | −0.97±0.85 | 0.47 |
| Peak early diastolic annular velocity, cm/sec | 65 | 9.43±3.19 | 75 | 9.23±2.93 | 0.70 |
| Peak early diastolic annular velocity for age, z-score | 65 | −2.68±1.16 | 75 | −2.77±1.05 | 0.64 |
| Peak atrial diastolic annular velocity, cm/sec | 56 | 5.88±1.80 | 64 | 5.44±1.91 | 0.20 |
| Peak atrial diastolic annular velocity for age, z-score | 56 | 0.04±1.14 | 64 | −0.23±1.20 | 0.20 |
| E/E' ratio | 63 | 10.28±4.52 | 72 | 10.36±3.94 | 0.91 |
| E/E' ratio for age, z-score | 63 | 2.95±2.83 | 72 | 3.01±2.47 | 0.90 |
| Flow reversal during atrial systole | 97 | 113 | 0.55 | ||
| Yes, n (%) | 4 (4.1%) | 7 (6.2%) | |||
| No, n (%) | 93 (95.9%) | 106 (93.8%) | |||
| Duration of flow reversal during atrial systole, msec | 4 | 123.75±15.54 | 7 | 104.86±21.09 | 0.16 |
| RV global function | |||||
| MPI, Inflow Doppler/ET calculation | 77 | 0.49±0.18 | 84 | 0.47±0.19 | 0.37 |
| MPI DTI calculation | 56 | 0.63±0.20 | 67 | 0.65±0.22 | 0.70 |
| Neo-aortic valve size and function | |||||
| Neo-aortic annular area/BSA | 76 | 4.06±1.06 | 90 | 3.74±0.94 | 0.042 |
| Neo-aortic annular area, z-score | 76 | 6.39±3.16 | 90 | 5.44±2.79 | 0.040 |
| Severity of neoaortic valve regurgitation | 116 | 124 | 0.40 | ||
| None, n (%) | 72 (62.1%) | 67 (54.0%) | |||
| Mild, n (%) | 36 (31.0%) | 49 (39.5%) | |||
| Moderate, n (%) | 8 (6.9%) | 8 (6.5%) | |||
| Severe, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | |||
| ≥Moderate neo-aortic valve regurgitation | 116 | 124 | >.99 | ||
| 8 (6.9%) | 8 (6.5%) | ||||
| 108 (93.1%) | 116 (93.5%) | ||||
| Tricuspid valve size and function | |||||
| Tricuspid indexed annular area/BSA | 110 | 5.81±1.42 | 115 | 5.77±1.69 | 0.84 |
| Tricuspid indexed annular area for BSA, z-score | 110 | 2.26±1.75 | 115 | 2.21±2.08 | 0.83 |
| Severity of tricuspid valve regurgitation | 116 | 125 | 0.22 | ||
| None, n (%) | 6 (5.2%) | 7 (5.6%) | |||
| Mild, n (%) | 90 (77.6%) | 97 (77.6%) | |||
| Moderate, n (%) | 18 (15.5%) | 13 (10.4%) | |||
| Severe, n (%) | 2 (1.7%) | 8 (6.4%) | |||
| Multiple, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||
| ≥Moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation | 116 | 125 | >.99 | ||
| Yes, n (%) | 20 (17.2%) | 21 (16.8%) | |||
| No, n (%) | 96 (82.8%) | 104 (83.2%) | |||
| Neo-aortic size and patency | |||||
| Ascending neoaortic maximal diameter, cm | 98 | 2.18±0.44 | 108 | 2.14±0.48 | 0.57 |
| Ascending neoaortic maximal diameter for BSA, z-score | 98 | 3.14±2.43 | 108 | 2.96±2.69 | 0.60 |
| Distal arch to descending aorta CWD peak velocity, m/sec | 92 | 1.78±0.48 | 99 | 1.84±0.52 | 0.43 |
BSA = body surface area; CWD = continuous wave Doppler; DTI = Doppler tissue imaging; MPI=myocardial performance index; RV=right ventricle; SD = standard deviation.