TABLE 3.
Summary Statistics for 14-Month and 6-year Echocardiographic Measures for Entire Cohort
| 14 months | 6 Year | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p Value | |
| RV systolic size and function | ||||
| End systolic volume/BSA1.3 | 88 | 49.93±15.61 | 45.47±13.05 | 0.006 |
| End systolic area/BSA0.8 | 174 | 15.79±4.06 | 15.54±3.92 | 0.44 |
| Ejection fraction, biplane pyramidal, % | 88 | 43.99±6.86 | 45.62±6.05 | 0.06 |
| Ejection fraction, biplane pyramidal, % | 88 | >.99 | ||
| ≤ 40%, n (%) | 19 (21.6%) | 18 (20.5%) | ||
| > 40%, n (%) | 69 (78.4%) | 70 (79.5%) | ||
| Fractional area change, % | 174 | 32.98±6.62 | 32.97±5.55 | >.99 |
| Peak systolic velocity, cm/sec | 125 | 5.48±1.46 | 6.04±1.25 | <.001 |
| Peak systolic velocity for age, z-score | 125 | −1.09±1.21 | −1.70±0.79 | <.001 |
| Isovolumic contraction acceleration, cm/sec/sec | 61 | 34.39±11.02 | 29.50±9.37 | 0.009 |
| RV diastolic size and function | ||||
| End diastolic volume/BSA1.3 | 88 | 88.66±23.50 | 83.37±20.64 | 0.028 |
| End diastolic area/BSA0.8 | 174 | 23.46±4.94 | 23.12±5.18 | 0.40 |
| RV sphericity index | 174 | 1.27±0.29 | 1.27±0.30 | 0.92 |
| Tricuspid valve peak early velocity, m/sec | 185 | 0.86±0.25 | 0.87±0.24 | 0.66 |
| Tricuspid valve peak early velocity for age, z-score | 185 | −0.02±1.30 | −0.21±1.30 | 0.08 |
| Tricuspid valve peak atrial velocity, m/sec | 95 | 0.74±0.22 | 0.61±0.20 | <.001 |
| Tricuspid valve peak atrial velocity for age, z-score | 95 | 2.02±1.79 | 1.29±1.66 | <.001 |
| E/A ratio | 95 | 1.10±0.45 | 1.52±0.61 | <.001 |
| E/A ratio for age, z-score | 95 | −1.10±0.69 | −0.89±0.97 | 0.046 |
| Peak early diastolic annular velocity, cm/sec | 126 | 8.32±3.79 | 9.39±3.07 | 0.008 |
| Peak early diastolic annular velocity for age, z-score | 126 | −1.99±1.43 | −2.70±1.11 | <.001 |
| Peak atrial diastolic annular velocity, cm/sec | 67 | 7.03±2.09 | 5.88±1.77 | <.001 |
| Peak atrial diastolic annular velocity for age, z-score | 67 | 0.70±1.36 | 0.04±1.12 | 0.001 |
| E/E' ratio | 117 | 11.60±4.48 | 10.42±4.09 | 0.017 |
| E/E' ratio for age, z-score | 117 | 3.19±2.83 | 3.05±2.57 | 0.65 |
| Flow reversal during atrial systole | 182 | 0.83 | ||
| Yes, n (%) | 12 (6.6%) | 10 (5.5%) | ||
| No, n (%) | 170 (93.4%) | 172 (94.5%) | ||
| Duration of flow reversal during atrial systole, msec | 3 | 112.00±51.68 | 103.00±28.16 | 0.86 |
| RV global function | ||||
| MPI, Inflow Doppler/ET calculation | 140 | 0.42±0.16 | 0.48±0.19 | 0.002 |
| MPI DTI calculation | 67 | 0.60±0.20 | 0.64±0.20 | 0.17 |
| Neo-aortic valve size and function | ||||
| Neoaortic annular area/BSA | 149 | 4.32±1.18 | 3.83±0.99 | <.001 |
| Neoaortic annular area for BSA, z-score | 149 | 6.73±3.29 | 5.72±2.95 | <.001 |
| Severity of neoaortic valve regurgitation | 226 | 0.002 | ||
| None, n (%) | 106 (46.9%) | 130 (57.5%) | ||
| Mild, n (%) | 115 (50.9%) | 82 (36.3%) | ||
| Moderate, n (%) | 5 (2.2%) | 14 (6.2%) | ||
| Severe, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| ≥ Moderate neoaortic valve regurgitation | 226 | 0.06 | ||
| Yes, n (%) | 5 (2.2%) | 14 (6.2%) | ||
| No, n (%) | 221 (97.8%) | 212 (93.8%) | ||
| Tricuspid valve size and function | ||||
| Tricuspid indexed annular area/BSA | 209 | 6.39±2.00 | 5.81±1.60 | <.001 |
| Tricuspid indexed annular area for BSA, z-score | 209 | 2.88±2.39 | 2.27±1.97 | <.001 |
| Severity of tricuspid valve regurgitation | 227 | 0.004 | ||
| None, n (%) | 35 (15.4%) | 13 (5.7%) | ||
| Mild, n (%) | 147 (64.8%) | 175 (77.1%) | ||
| Moderate, n (%) | 34 (15.0%) | 31 (13.7%) | ||
| Severe, n (%) | 11 (4.8%) | 8 (3.5%) | ||
| Multiple, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| ≥Moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation | 227 | 0.55 | ||
| Yes, n (%) | 45 (19.8%) | 39 (17.2%) | ||
| No, n (%) | 182 (80.2%) | 188 (82.8%) | ||
| Neo-aortic size and patency | ||||
| Ascending neoaortic maximal diameter, cm | Not collected at 14 months | |||
| Ascending neoaortic maximal diameter for BSA, z-score | Not collected at 14 months | |||
| Distal arch to descending aorta CWD peak velocity, m/sec | 141 | 1.68±0.54 | 1.81±0.52 | 0.001 |
BSA = body surface area; CWD = continuous wave Doppler; DTI = Doppler tissue imaging; MPI=myocardial performance index; RV=right ventricle; SD = standard deviation.