Table 4.
Diagnosis of AP and exclusion of other causes of pancreatitis
| Author, year | Diagnosis of AP (ACG criteria) |
Exclusion of other causes of AP |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain | Amylase/lipase > 3 ULN | Pancreatic imaging (US-CT-MRI) | Biliary | Alcohol | Trauma | Hypercalcemia | Hypertriglyceridemiaa | |
| Leisure et al., 1996 [1] | Present | Present | US: mild pancreatitis | neg | neg | neg | NR | NR |
| Present | Present | CT: pancreatic inflammation | neg | neg | neg | NR | NR | |
| Present | Present | CT: pancreatic inflammation | neg | neg | neg | NR | NR | |
| Present | Present | CT: pancreatic inflammation | neg | neg | neg | NR | NR | |
| Metkus et al., 1996 [22] | Present | Absent | CT: peripancreatic fat stranding & edema | neg | neg | neg | NR | pos |
| Fujii et al., 1998 [23] | Present | Present | CT: minimal inflammation of pancreas | neg | neg | neg | NR | NR |
| Şentürk and Kerman, 1999 [24] | Present | present | CT: mild pancreatic edema | neg | neg | neg | NR | NR |
| Bird and Brim, 2000 [25] | Present | Present | CT: prominent & inflammatory pancreas | neg | neg | neg | NR | NR |
| Betrosian et al., 2001 [26] | Present | Present | CT: confirmed AP | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg |
| Jawaid et al., 2002 [20] | Present | Present | CT: enlarged edematous pancreas—peripancreatic fluid | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg |
| Farina Castro et al., 2002 [27] | Present | NR | CT: necrosis of 40% of pancreas | neg | neg | neg | NR | pos |
| Manfredi et al., 2004 [21] | Absent | Present | US & CT: head edema—increase volume | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg |
| Gottschling et al., 2005 [28] | Present | Present | MRI: heterogeneous- tail swelling | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg |
| Rake et al., 2006 [29] | Present | Present | NR | NR | neg | neg | NR | neg |
| Coleman et al., 2006 [16] | Present | Present | CT: thickened bowel wall—bilateral pleural effusion | neg | neg | neg | NR | neg |
| Gottesman et al., 2007 [30] | Present | Present | CT: peripancreatic fluid | neg | neg | neg | neg | pos |
| Tan et al., 2007 [31] | Present | Present | US: normal pancreas | neg | neg | neg | NR | neg |
| Ting and Lee, 2012 [32] | Present | Present | CT: bulky pancreatic body—peripancreatic fluid | neg | neg | neg | NR | neg |
| Muniraj and Aslanian, 2012 [33] | Present | Present | CT: edematous pancreatitis | neg | neg | neg | NR | neg |
| Scholten and Buijs, 2014 [3] | Present | Absent | CT: infiltration & edema around head | neg | neg | neg | NR | NR |
| Csomor et al., 2017 [34] | Present | present | CT: confirmed AP | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg |
| Total: 21 patients | Present 20 Absent 1 | Present: 18 Absent: 2 NR: 1 | Signs of AP: 20 NR: 1 | Neg: 20 NR: 1 | Neg: 21 | Neg: 21 | Neg: 6 NR: 15 | Neg: 10 Pos: 3 NR: 8 |
AP, acute pancreatitis; ACG, American College of Gatroenterology; ULN, upper limit of normal; US, ultrasound; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; neg, negative; pos, positive; NR, not reported.
aHypertriglyceridemia >1000 mg/dL at the time of AP diagnosis.