Results for the Association Between Dichotomized Handgrip Strength and Changes in 2-Year ADL Disability Status

	Onset ADL Disability*		Persistent ADL Disability*		ADL Disability Progression*		ADL Disability Improvement*
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Not-weak (reference: weak)	0.52	0.31, 0.85	0.75	0.33, 1.67	0.41	0.22, 0.76	0.66	0.39, 1.10
Age	1.09	1.03, 1.16	1.19	1.08, 1.31	1.19	1.11, 1.29	1.00	0.93, 1.07
Body mass index	1.03	0.98, 1.08	1.05	0.97, 1.13	1.05	0.99, 1.12	1.02	0.97, 1.07
Female (reference: male)	1.71	1.01, 2.91	1.08	0.47, 2.45	2.24	1.12, 4.45	1.26	0.75, 2.13
Previous falls (reference: no falls)	0.81	0.48, 1.37	1.34	0.60, 2.97	0.79	0.42, 1.51	1.38	0.82, 2.29
Diabetes (reference: no diabetes)	1.55	0.92, 2.62	2.49	1.09, 5.66	1.44	0.74, 2.81	0.77	0.44, 1.36
Physically inactive (reference: active)	1.49	0.72, 3.10	1.84	0.69, 4.86	4.46	2.14, 9.28	1.92	0.94, 3.93
Unexplained weight loss (reference: no unexplained weight loss)	1.22	0.65, 2.29	0.71	0.24, 2.07	1.67	0.79, 3.53	1.86	1.03, 3.34
Chronically exhausted (reference: not exhausted)	1.43	0.79, 2.56	1.65	0.71, 3.85	0.45	0.20, 1.00	0.72	0.39, 1.32
Slow walking speed (reference: not slow)	0.66	0.31, 1.37	1.66	0.68, 4.02	0.62	0.26, 1.46	1.09	0.56, 2.13
Pain interference (reference: no pain interference)	1.79	1.04, 3.06	4.90	1.73, 13.86	3.56	1.74, 7.24	2.31	1.33, 4.02
Perceived health status (reference: poor)
Excellent	0.40	0.09, 1.79	0.00	0.00, 0.00	0.10	0.01, 0.99	0.10	0.01, 0.86
Good	0.80	0.30, 2.10	0.61	0.16, 2.31	0.19	0.06, 0.63	0.33	0.12, 0.90
Fair	1.01	0.42, 2.44	0.74	0.24, 2.23	0.68	0.28, 1.62	0.95	0.42, 2.14

ADL, activities of daily living; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; UWL, unexplained weight loss.

^*Reference: No ADL disability at baseline and follow-up.