Table 1.
Baseline Descriptive Characteristics of the Participants
| Overall (n = 672) | Males (n = 238) | Females (n = 434) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Handgrip strength, kg | 20.8 ± 7.4 | 27.4 ± 6.9* | 17.2 ± 4.7 |
| Age, years | 81.7 ± 4.1 | 81.8 ± 4.2 | 81.6 ± 4.1 |
| Body mass index | 27.5 ± 5.0 | 26.9 ± 4.1* | 27.8 ± 4.1 |
| Lost 1ADL functions | 4.1 ± 1.7 | 3.9 ± 1.7 | 4.3 ± 1.7 |
| Lost ADL functions | 0.6 ± 1.2 | 0.5 ± 1.1 | 0.6 ± 1.2 |
| Stroke diagnosis, n (%) | 29 (4.3) | 12 (5.0) | 17 (3.9) |
| Previous falls, n (%) | 222 (33.0) | 61 (25.6)* | 161 (37.1) |
| Diabetes diagnosis, n (%) | 201 (29.9) | 66 (27.7) | 135 (31.1) |
| Diabetes medications, n (%) | 182 (90.5) | 62 (93.4) | 120 (88.9) |
| Physically inactive, n (%) | 95 (14.1) | 28 (11.8) | 67 (15.4) |
| Unexplained weight loss, n (%) | 125 (18.6) | 43 (18.1) | 82 (18.9) |
| Chronic exhaustion, n (%) | 145 (21.6) | 42 (17.7) | 103 (23.7) |
| Slow walking speed, n (%) | 111 (16.5) | 40 (16.8) | 71 (16.4) |
| Pain interference, n (%) | 339 (50.5) | 100 (42.0)* | 239 (55.1) |
| Perceived health status, n (%) | |||
| Excellent | 41 (6.1) | 18 (7.6) | 23 (5.3) |
| Good | 190 (28.3) | 64 (26.9) | 126 (29.0) |
| Fair | 379 (56.4) | 140 (58.8) | 239 (55.1) |
| Poor | 62 (9.2) | 16(6.7) | 46 (10.6) |
| Married, n (%) | 275 (40.9) | 159 (66.8)* | 116(26.7) |
| Number of people living in household | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 2.6 ± 1.9* | 2.2 ± 1.4 |
| Depressed, n (%) | 257 (38.2) | 65 (27.3)* | 192 (44.2) |
| Hypertensive, n (%) | 456 (67.9) | 153 (64.3) | 303 (69.8) |
| Hypertension medication, n (%) | 436 (95.6) | 145 (94.8) | 291 (96.0) |
ADL, activities of daily living; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living.
*
P < .05.