Table 2. Left ventricular CMR parameters in the four subgroups evaluated using conventional (CQ) and threshold-based (TQ) quantification.
| Male athlete (n = 101) | Male HCM (n = 108) |
Female athlete (n = 49) | Female HCM (n = 86) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean ± SD | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | |
| EDWT (mm) | 12.6 ± 1.3*¥ | 22.1 ± 5.4$ | 10.4 ± 1.2# | 19.7 ± 5.2 |
| Max/min EDWT | 1.93 ± 0.30*¥ | 3.56 ± 1.53 | 2.17 ± 0.45# | 3.86 ± 1.63 |
| Conventional quantification | ||||
| LVEFCQ (%) | 57.4 ± 4.36* | 62.2 ± 7.29$ | 58.4 ± 4.51# | 63.8 ± 8.31 |
| LVESViCQ (ml/m2) | 52.6 ± 9.60*¥ | 35.2 ± 10.1$ | 44.7 ± 7.72# | 29.1 ± 9.67 |
| LVEDViCQ (ml/m2) | 123 ± 14.0*¥ | 91.6 ± 16.7$ | 107 ± 11.2# | 79.9 ± 13.8 |
| LVSViCQ (ml/m2) | 73.2 ± 14.8*¥ | 57.5 ± 11.1$ | 62.5 ± 6.80 | 50.7 ± 9.96 |
| LVMiCQ (g/m2) | 90.3 ± 14.7*¥ | 99.9 ± 34.0$ | 65.9 ± 10.7 | 76.9 ± 22.9 |
| Max diast/LVEDViCQ (mm×m2/ml) | 0.10 ± 0.02* | 0.25 ± 0.08 | 0.10 ± 0.02# | 0.25 ± 0.07 |
| LVMCQ/LVEDVCQ (g/ml) | 0.75 ± 0.13*¥ | 1.08 ± 0.30 | 0.62 ± 0.10# | 0.97 ± 0.25 |
| Threshold-based quantification | ||||
| LVEFTQ (%) | 65.7 ± 4.9* | 71.9 ± 9.0$ | 65.7 ± 6.4# | 74.4 ± 8.6 |
| LVESViTQ (ml/m2) | 34.9 ± 7.4*¥ | 18.6 ± 6.5$ | 30.4 ± 7.1# | 14.5 ± 6.3 |
| LVEDViTQ (ml/m2) | 101.0 ± 12.1*¥ | 66.2 ± 11.1$ | 89.3 ± 10.1# | 57.0 ± 11.1 |
| LVSViTQ (ml/m2) | 66.3 ± 7.6*¥ | 47.6 ± 10.2$ | 58.8 ± 7.1# | 42.3 ± 9.7 |
| LVMiTQ (g/m2) | 113.0 ± 16.8*¥ | 126.0 ± 40.5$ | 84.3 ± 12.1# | 101.0 ± 27.8 |
| Max diast/LVEDViTQ (mm×m2/ml) | 0.13 ± 0.02* | 0.34 ± 0.10 | 0.12 ± 0.02# | 0.36 ± 0.12 |
| LVMTQ/LVEDVTQ (g/ml) | 1.13 ± 0.16*¥ | 1.93 ± 0.60 | 0.95 ± 0.14# | 1.83 ± 0.56 |
| TPM (g) | 44.8 ± 11.5*¥ | 55.6 ± 17.5$ | 32.1 ± 7.7 | 40.5 ± 11.1 |
| TPMi (g/m2) | 21.4 ± 4.8*¥ | 27.4 ± 8.6$ | 17.7 ± 4.2 | 23.0 ± 6.5 |
| TPM% = x 100 (%) | 19.0 ± 3.7*¥ | 22.1 ± 4.6 | 21.1 ± 4.7 | 23.1 ± 4.1 |
Between-groups comparisons were based on least-squares linear regression if normality assumptions were satisfied, and median regression otherwise. Models were stratified by HCM when comparing males versus females, and stratified for sex when comparing HCM patients versus athletes (pairwise comparisons), adjustment for age and heart frequency was made.
*significantly different from male HCM, #significantly different from female HCM, ¥significantly different from female athletes, $significantly different from female HCM
Difference estimates adjusted for heart frequency and age. Abbreviations: EDWT, maximal end-diastolic wall thickness; Max/min EDWT, maximal to minimal end-diastolic wall thickness ratio; LV, left ventricular; EF, ejection fraction; ESVi, end-systolic volume index; EDVi, end-diastolic volume index; SVi, stroke volume index; Mi, mass index; EDWT/LVEDVi, maximal end-diastolic wall thickness to left ventricular end-diastolic volume index ratio; LVM/LVEDV, left ventricular mass to left ventricular end-diastolic volume ratio evaluated using conventional (CQ) and threshold based quantification (TQ).