Fig 2. Predatory activity of P. aeruginosa OMVs against S. epidermidis.

Disk diffusion assays were performed in triplicate using 250 ng of gentamicin as a positive control, MV buffer as a negative control, and 1x10⁸ OMVs in MV buffer from biofilms and planktonic cultures of PAO1 and PA14 (A). Images showing representative zones of clearing are also included (B). Panel (C) shows the relationship between zone of inhibition and OMV size (R² = 0.9733). Error bars for the zones of inhibition represent standard deviation. Error bars for mode sizes represent standard error. Statistical significance was analyzed by two-tailed Student t-test (*p < .05; ***p < .005). n≥4.