Fig 4. Growth profiles of the A. brasilense Sp7, 2116, 2117, and 2118 strains.

(A) Growth kinetics of A. brasilense strains in minimal media (MM) with malate or D-alanine as the sole carbon sources. The strains were grown in MM supplemented with malate (20 mM) or DL-alanine (20 mM) as carbon sources. Growth was followed at OD₆₀₀ nm every 4 h until 56 h. Sp7, 2116, 2117 and 2118 strains.The data points represent the average from three independent cultures of each strain. (B) Growth of A. brasilense strains in minimal medium with D-alanine as the sole nitrogen source. Bacterial strains were grown in DL-malate minimal medium supplemented with D-alanine (20 mM) as the sole nitrogen source. Growth was followed at OD₆₀₀ nm every 4 h until 36 h. The data points represent the average from three independent cultures of each strain.