Fig 2. Adaptive response and phenotypic convergence in evolved replicates.

(A) The amount of triglyceride as main constituent of body fat. Females of evolved replicates have significantly lower fat content than the ancestral population. Two-way ANOVA with interaction, Tukey’s HSD test p = 0.0007, (B) Resting metabolism measured by CO₂ production as measure of resting metabolic rate. Females of evolved replicates produced significantly more CO₂ than the ancestral population, two-way ANOVA with interaction, Tukey’s HSD test p < 0.0001. No significant difference was observed among males of the evolved replicates and the ancestral population (body fat: p = 0.7680; metabolic rate: p = 0.7405). Convergent evolution for fat content (panel C) and metabolic rate (panel D) for females of 10 evolved replicates. No significant difference was detected between the replicates (two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test p > 0.05). The bars show the least-squares means of the linear model, and error bars depict 95% confidence levels of least-squares means. The dark khaki horizontal bars show the 95% confidence levels of least-squares means in the ancestral population. Fat content and metabolic rate in males is shown in S1C and S1D Fig. Data deposited in the Dryad Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rr137kn. HSD, honest significant difference; TAG, triglyceride.