KEY RESOURCES TABLE
| REAGENT or RESOURCE | SOURCE | IDENTIFIER |
|---|---|---|
| Antibodies | ||
| Human anti-TRA-1-60-Vio488 live cell stain | Miltenyi | Cat#130-106-872; RRID:AB_2654228 |
| Human anti-CD105-PE | Miltenyi | Cat#130-112-163; RRID:AB_2654424 |
| Human anti-CD73-APC | Miltenyi | Cat#130-097-945; RRID:AB_2661037 |
| Human anti-CD90-APC | Miltenyi | Cat#130-097-935; RRID:AB_2660949 |
| Human anti-CD146-PE | Miltenyi | Cat#130-097-939; RRID:AB_2660768 |
| Human anti-PDGFRβ-APC | Miltenyi | Cat#130-105-322; RRID:AB_2655084 |
| Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) Rabbit mAb | Cell Signaling Technology | Cat#4060S; RRID:AB_2315049 |
| Human and mouse anti-AN2-PE | Miltenyi | Cat#130-100-468; RRID:AB_2651231 |
| Human anti-MSCA-1-APC | Miltenyi | Cat#130-099-650; RRID:AB_2660803 |
| Human anti-CD140a-APC | Miltenyi | Cat#130-115-338; RRID:AB_2727009 |
| Mouse TGF-beta RI/ALK-5 APC-conjugated Antibody | R&D Systems | Cat#FAB5871A; RRID:AB_10890557 |
| Human TGF-beta RII APC-conjugated Antibody | R&D Systems | Cat#FAB2411A; RRID:AB_10990409 |
| Anti-FOXF1 antibody | Abcam | Cat#ab168383 |
| Anti-alpha smooth muscle Actin antibody | Abcam | Cat#ab5694; RRID:AB_2223021 |
| Anti-SM22 alpha antibody | Abcam | Cat#ab14106; RRID:AB_443021 |
| Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody | Cell Signaling Technology | Cat#7074; RRID:AB_2099233 |
| Anti-mouse IgG, HRP-linked Antibody | Cell Signaling Technology | Cat#7076; RRID:AB_330924 |
| COX IV (3E11) Rabbit mAb | Cell Signaling Technology | Cat#4850; RRID:AB_2085424 |
| Human/Mouse UCP1 Antibody | R&D Systems | Cat#MAB6158; RRID:AB_10572490 |
| PLIN-1 (D418) Antibody | Cell Signaling Technology | Cat#3470; RRID:AB_2167268 |
| Human/Mouse EBF-2 Antibody | R&D Systems | Cat#AF7006; RRID:AB_10972102 |
| β-Tubulin Antibody | Cell Signaling Technology | Cat#2146; RRID:AB_2210545 |
| β-Actin (8H10D10) Mouse mAb | Cell Signaling Technology | Cat#3700; RRID:AB_2242334 |
| Phospho-Smad2 (Ser465/467) (138D4) Rabbit mAb | Cell Signaling Technology | Cat#3108; RRID:AB_490941 |
| Chemicals, Peptides and Recombinant Proteins | ||
| RPMI 1640 with L-glutamine | Corning | Cat#10-040-CV |
| Matrigel Matrix hESC-Qualified | Corning | Cat#354277 |
| Phosphate Buffered Saline (1X) without calcium and magnesium | Lonza | Cat#BE17-516F |
| NutriStem hPSC XF Medium for Human iPS and ES cells | Stemgent | Cat#01-0005 |
| ReLeSR passaging reagent | StemCell Technologies, Inc. | Cat#05872 |
| Cell wash buffer – PBS containing 2mM EDTA and 0.5% BSA | Miltenyi | Cat#130-091-221 |
| TrypLE Select Enzyme (1X) | Thermo Fisher | Cat#12563-029 |
| InSolution Y-27632 in DMSO | Calbiochem | Cat#688002 |
| STEMdiff Mesoderm Induction Medium | StemCell Technologies, Inc. | Cat#05221 |
| MesenCult-ACF Plus Medium Kit | StemCell Technologies, Inc. | Cat#05445 |
| ACF enzymatic dissociation solution | StemCell Technologies, Inc. | Cat#05427 |
| ACF enzymatic inhibition solution | StemCell Technologies, Inc. | Cat#05428 |
| MesenCult-ACF attachment substrate | StemCell Technologies, Inc. | Cat#07130 |
| Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium | ATCC | Cat#30-2002 |
| Fetal Bovine Serum | ATCC | Cat#30-2020 |
| SB | Sigma Aldrich | Cat#616461 |
| Recombinant Human IL-4 | Peprotech | Cat#200-04 |
| 3,3′,5-Triiodo-L-thyronine | Sigma Aldrich | Cat#T2877 |
| Rosiglitazone | Sigma Aldrich | Cat#557366-10MG-M |
| 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine | Sigma Aldrich | Cat#I5879-250MG |
| Dexamethasone | Sigma Aldrich | Cat#D4902-100MG |
| Indomethacin | Sigma Aldrich | Cat#17378-10G |
| EGM-2 Endothelial Cell Growth Medium-2 BulletKit | Lonza | Cat#CC-3162 |
| OsteoLife Complete Osteogenesis Medium | Lifeline Cell Technology | Cat#LM-0023 |
| ChondroLife Complete Chondrogenesis | Lifeline Cell Technology | Cat#LM-0022 |
| Insulin solution human | Sigma Aldrich | Cat#19278-5ML |
| Adipose Tissue Dissociation Kit | Miltenyi | Cat#130-105-808 |
| L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt hydrate | Sigma Aldrich | Cat#A8960-5G |
| HEPES solution, 1M | Sigma Aldrich | Cat#SRE0065 |
| DMEM, no glucose | GIBCO | Cat#11966025 |
| DMEM low glucose | GIBCO | Cat#11885092 |
| RIPA buffer | Sigma Aldrich | Cat#R0278 |
| Halt Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (100X) | Thermo Fisher | Cat#78440 |
| Paraformaldehyde | Sigma Aldrich | Cat#P6148 |
| Triton X-100 | Sigma Aldrich | Cat#X100 |
| Normal Donkey Serum | Jackson Immunoresearch lab | Cat#017-000-121 |
| HBSS without Calcium, Magnesium or Phenol Red | GIBCO | Cat#14175-095 |
| Detector Block Powder | KPL | Cat#72-01-03 |
| Tris Buffer Saline with Tween 20 | Cell Signaling Technology | Cat#9997S |
| CL 316243 disodium salt | Tocris Bioscience | Cat#1499 |
| StemRNA-NM Reprogramming Kit | Stemgent | Cat# 00-0076 |
| Critical Commercial Assays | ||
| ClarityTM Western ECL Substrate | Bio-Rad | Cat#170-5060 |
| QBT Fatty Acid Uptake Assay Kit | Molecular Device | Cat#R8132 |
| Glucose Uptake-Glo Assay Kit | Promega | Cat#J1342 |
| Seahorse XF assay medium, contains 2 mM GlutaMAX, 1 L | Agilent | Cat#102365-100 |
| Seahorse XF 1.0 M glucose solution | Agilent | Cat#103577-100 |
| Seahorse XF 100 mM pyruvate solution | Agilent | Cat#103578-100 |
| Seahorse XF Cell Mito Stress Test Kit | Agilent | Cat#103015-100 |
| BioRad Protein assay reagent | Bio-Rad | Cat#500-0114 |
| BODIPY 493/503 | Thermo Fisher | Cat#D3922 |
| qScript cDNA SuperMix | QuantaBio | Cat#95048 |
| iQ SYBR Green Supermix | Bio-Rad | Cat#1708880 |
| RNeasy Micro Kit | QIAGEN | Cat#74004 |
| JC-1 Dye | Thermo Fisher | Cat#T3168 |
| Qproteome Mammalian Protein Prep Kit | QIAGEN | Cat#37901 |
| ProteoExtract digestion kit | Calbiochem | Cat#650212 |
| Pierce BCA protein assay kit | Thermo Fisher | Cat#23227 |
| Experimental Models: Cell Lines | ||
| Human: HWPc (subcutaneous) | PromoCell | Cat#C-12730 |
| Human: HprAD (subcutaneous) | Lonza | Cat#PT-5020 |
| Human: D-HprAD (subcutaneous) | Lonza | Cat#PT-5022 |
| Human: DOMM050211 (omental) | Zenbio | Cat#OPD-F-3 |
| Human: DSQM041007 (subcutaneous) | Zenbio | Cat#SPD-F-3 |
| Human: Fetal brown adipose tissue (interscapular) | In house | N/A |
| Human: Episomal iPSC Line (skin fibroblast) | Applied StemCell | Cat#ASE-9202 |
| Human: Episomal iPSC Line (CD34+ cord blood) | Thermo Fisher | Cat#A18945 |
| Human: Urine-derived cells | MMC BioBank | Cat#R16-0809 |
| Oligonucleotides | ||
| See Table S1 for sequences | Integrated DNA Technologies | Custom designed |
| Software and Algorithms | ||
| Excel 2016 | Microsoft | N/A |
| MACSQuantify Software | Miltenyi | Cat#130-094-556 |
| Bio-Rad CFX Manager Software | Bio-Rad | Cat#1845000 |
| Leica LAS X Software | Leica | https://www.leica-microsystems.com/products/microscope-software/details/product/leica-las-x-ls/ |
| Seahorse Wave Desktop | Agilent | https://www.agilent.com/en/products/cell-analysis/software-download-for-wave-desktop |
| ProteinPulot software | Sciex | https://sciex.com/products/software/proteinpilot-software |
| PeakView software | Sciex | https://sciex.com/products/software/peakview-software |
| MarkerView software | Sciex | https://sciex.com/products/software/markerview-software |
| ImageJ software | NIH | https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/download.html |
| Image Lab software | Bio-Rad | http://www.bio-rad.com/en-us/product/image-lab-software?ID=KRE6P5E8Z |
| SoftMax Pro 7 Software | Molecular Devices | Cat#SMP7 PROF |
| Other | ||
| 6 well culture plate | Corning | Cat#3516 |
| 24 well culture plate | Corning | Cat#3524 |
| 96 well culture plate | Corning | Cat#3595 |
| CO2 Incubator | Nuaire | Cat#NU-5510 |
| 15 ml PP centrifuge tubes | Corning | Cat#430052 |
| 100×20 mm TC dish | CytoOne | Cat#CC7682-3394 |
| 5 ml Polystyrene round-bottom tube | Corning | Cat#352054 |
| MACS SmartStrainers (100 μm) | Miltenyi | Cat#130-098-463 |
| Microcentrifuge Tubes (1.7 ml) | National Scientific Supply Co | Cat#CA1700-BP |
| Seahorse XF24 V7 PS Cell Culture Microplates | Agilent | Cat#100777-004 |
| PVDF membrane | Bio-Rad | Cat#1704157 |
| CriterionTM TGX gels | Bio-Rad | Cat#5678123 |