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XP spectra for the process of 4-terminated PVA synthesis starting from clean SiO2, refer to Figure 1B for PVA film fabrication and surface modification. (A) clean, unmodified SiO2, (B) 3-terminated SiO2, (C) PVA thin film (~ 123 nm) on 3-terminated SiO2, (D) 3-terminated PVA thin film, (E) 4-terminated PVA thin film. Note the appearance of the Zr(3d) after chemical vapor deposition steps and the appearance of the P(2p) after SAMP modification.
