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. 2019 Feb 8;10:205. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00205

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Circularization of prophage DNA affects the mRNA expression of the downstream ychF gene and cellular adhesion ability. (A) Deletion of the prophage region from 19A ST320 (19A-Δphage) did not affect the cell adherence ability, compared to the 19A ST320 wild type (19A-WT) (p = 0.9, n = 4). (B) The mRNA expression level of ychF in the 19A ST320 integrase deletion mutant (19A-Δint) was lower than in the wild-type strain (19A-WT) (p < 0.05, n = 3). The mRNA expression level of dnaN was not different between the wild type and deletion mutant (p = 0.8, n = 3). (C) The cell adhesion ability of prophage downstream gene ychF deletion mutant (19A-ΔychF) was decreased compared to the wild-type strain (p < 0.01, n = 4), but the adhesion ability of the prophage upstream gene dnaN deletion mutant (19A-ΔdnaN) was not (p = 0.6, n = 4). (D) Schematic showing that the promoter region sequence of ychF was rearranged and resulted in a different -35-promoter sequence when the prophage was excised from or integrated into chromosomal DNA of serotype 19A ST320. The -35-promoter sequence and -10-promoter sequence of ychF were predicted using the BPROM program (Softberry Inc., Mount Kisco, NY, United States; www.softberry.com). The 14-bp short sequence of the bacterial DNA attB site (5′-CCC TTT TTG TGT TA-3′) is shown in gray.