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. 2019 Feb 8;10:149. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00149

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Copyright © 2019 Shanmugakani, Akeda, Sugawara, Laolerd, Chaihongsa, Sirichot, Yamamoto, Hagiya, Morii, Fujiya, Nishi, Yoshida, Takeuchi, Sakamoto, Malathum, Santanirand, Tomono and Hamada.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Phylogenetic relationship and distribution of different resistance genes among MCRPEn isolates. Based on single nucleotide polymorphisms, the 13 E. coli MCRPEn isolates were classified into four different phylogroups (A, B1, C, and E) as represented by differently colored boxes over the phylogenetic tree. The presence of different resistance genes that confer resistance toward each of the antimicrobials determined by WGS are shown as small colored rectangles. The two diagonal bars across a branch of the phylogenetic tree represent scale break. MLS, macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B.