Table 2.

Model averaged parameter values explaining herbivore response levels to vertical approaches by Unmanned Aerial Systems.

Reference	Response	Parameter	Estimate	Unconditional standard error	Confidence intervals	Relative importance
No response	Response	Altitude	−3.45	0.49	−4.42, −2.48	1.00
		Distance	0.49	0.21	0.08, 0.90	1.00
		Habitat	−0.05	0.25	−1.52, 0.86	0.14
		Size	0.20	0.28	−0.13, 0.95	0.49
		Species_Elephant	3.57	1.21	1.19, 5.95	1.00
		Species_Giraffe	3.59	1.24	1.16, 6.02	1.00
		Species_Lechwe	0.07	1.24	−2.37, 2.50	1.00
		Species_Tsessebe	2.28	1.20	−0.06, 4.63	1.00
		Species_Wildebeest	3.48	1.23	1.08, 5.88	1.00
		Species_Zebra	3.21	1.21	0.83, 5.58	1.00
		Time of day_AM	0.06	0.26	−0.71, 1.40	0.17
		Time of day_PM	−0.11	0.31	−1.61, 0.39	0.17
Vigilant	Active	Activity_Stand	0.05	0.30	−1.17, 2.53	0.07
		Activity_Drink	0.11	0.54	−1.18, 4.29	0.07
		Activity_Feed	0.08	0.37	−0.65, 2.87	0.07
		Activity_Walk	−0.01	0.26	−1.91, 1.89	0.07
		Altitude	0.58	0.23	0.12, 1.03	1.00
		Direction_Front	0.21	0.62	−0.85, 3.10	0.19
		Direction_Side	−0.01	0.36	−1.66, 1.62	0.19
		Direction_Behind	−0.29	0.70	−3.19, 0.12	0.19
		Distance	0.37	0.23	0.01, 0.82	0.90
		Habitat	−0.03	0.18	−1.38, 0.58	0.08
		Species_Elephant	−0.28	0.63	−1.51, 0.96	1.00
		Species_Giraffe	−0.83	0.73	−2.26, 0.59	1.00
		Species_Lechwe	−0.09	0.63	−1.35, 1.16	1.00
		Species_Tsessebe	−1.16	0.69	−2.51, 0.20	1.00
		Species_Wildebeest	−1.54	0.79	−3.09, 0.02	1.00
		Species_Zebra	−3.51	1.18	−5.83,−1.19	1.00
		Time of day_AM	0.14	0.33	−0.52, 1.21	0.40
		Time of day_PM	−0.32	0.51	−1.82, 0.25	0.40
		UAS type	0.09	0.26	−0.36, 1.24	0.21

Parameters with high relative importance and confidence intervals >1 or <1 are in bold italics.