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. 2019 Feb 14;9:2049. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38425-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of MG132 on histology in DN rats. In DN rats, both MG132 and deguelin treatment effectively reduced mesangial cell proliferation, and mesangial matrix accumulation for the indicted time. NC: normal control group at the end of 12 weeks (A); DN: diabetic nephropathy rats group at the end of 12 weeks (B); MG132: diabetic nephropathy plus MG132 treatment group at the end of 12 weeks (C); Deguelin: diabetic nephropathy plus deguelin treatment group at the end of 12 weeks (D); Glomerular area (ratio NC group) in all rats (E). Representative photomicrographs of neutral formaldehyde (10%)-fixed sections stained with PAS are shown. Magnification ×200. Means ± SEM; N = 6; *P < 0.05 vs. NC; ^#P < 0.05 vs. DN.