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. 2019 Feb 14;9:2030. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38322-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of plasma from patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) on OCCLUDIN and ZO-1 in 3D Caco-2 cysts. mRNA levels (a), confocal microscopy analyses of OCCLUDIN and ZO-1 (b–d) in Caco-2 cysts that were treated with plasma (37.5% v/v) from healthy controls (HC), active or inactive CD patients for 24 hours. Images in (b) were captured from the middle cross-section of the cysts. Bar indicates 50 µm. Quantified fluorescence intensities in (b) are shown in (c). Images in (d) were captured from the top surface of the cysts. Bar indicates 20 µm. All graphs represent the results of three replicate experiments. Data expressed as means ± SEM with 6 subjects per group and at least 8 cysts per subject. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test.