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. 2019 Feb 14;9:2118. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37568-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Antitumor activity of the albumin-bound prodrug 2 in comparison to the released form. (A) Effect of systemically administered prodrug 2 on LNCaP xenograft progression in comparison to the control group. Mice were treated with 1 mg/kg of either prodrug 2 or a synthetic peptide 2 + equimolar amount of MSA every second day intravenously. Tumor volume was measured at indicated in the time points (every 3–4 days). Data are the means ± SEM (n = 6 mice). Statistical significance was established from unpaired two-tailed student t tests. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. (B) Plasma PSA levels during the treatment for both groups relative to the initially measured levels. PSA levels were measured every 7 days by ELISA. (C) Body weight of mice during the experiment monitored every 7 days. (D) IHC quantitative analyzes on xenograft tissue sections. Representative images of Ki67 (cell proliferation marker), PARP (cell apoptosis marker) and p27^KIP (cell quiescence marker) and quantification of the respective stained tumor sections plotted as means ± SEM (n = 9 and 6 respectively for control-treated and prodrug 2 group) for both groups are shown; *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001.

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