Table 2.
Pooled Mean Estimates for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Seroprevalence Among Different Populations in Asia
| Population Type | Outcome Measures, Total No. | Samples, Total No. | HSV-1 Seroprevalence | Pooled Mean HSV-1 Seroprevalence, Mean (95% CI) | Heterogeneity Measuresa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | Median | Q (P Value) | I 2 (95% CI), % | Prediction Interval, % | ||||
| Healthy general populations | ||||||||
| Children | 19 | 1131 | 11.1–78.3 | 46.8 | 48.5 (37.8–59.3) | 228.6 (<.001) | 92.1 (89.1–94.3) | 7.1–91.2 |
| Adults | 103 | 9514 | 14.1–100 | 78.5 | 77.4 (73.4–81.1) | 1841.6 (<.001) | 94.5 (93.7–95.1) | 34.9–100 |
| Mixed ages | 4 | 1441 | 52.0–94.1 | 74.8 | 68.9 (56.3–80.3) | 36.5 (<.001) | 91.8 (82.2–96.2) | 16.6–100 |
| All healthy general populations | 126 | 12086 | 11.1–100 | 73.4 | 73.1 (68.9–77.1) | 2955.4 (<.001) | 95.8 (95.3–96.2) | 25.3–100 |
| Clinical populations | ||||||||
| Children | 7 | 720 | 16.7–75.9 | 53.1 | 54.2 (40.5–67.6) | 78.4 (<.001) | 92.3 (86.8–95.6) | 11.0–93.9 |
| Adults | 23 | 2601 | 32.1–95.8 | 67.5 | 67.1 (56.7–76.8) | 456.4 (<.001) | 95.2 (93.8–96.3) | 17.3–100 |
| Mixed ages | 1b | 2317 | - | - | 73.8 (71.9–75.6) | -b | -b | -b |
| All clinical populations | 31 | 5638 | 16.7–95.8 | 67.5 | 64.3 (56.3–71.9) | 809.2 (<.001) | 96.3 (95.5–97.0) | 21.1–97.0 |
| Other populations | ||||||||
| HIV-infected patients | 8 | 1476 | 53.0–94.3 | 87.6 | 83.3 (74.0–91.0) | 119.4 (<.001) | 94.1 (90.6–96.3) | 45.7–100 |
| MSM | 3 | 1774 | 53.3–97.4 | 56.5 | 69.7 (42.9–91.7) | 15.5 (<.001) | 87.1 (63.2–95.5) | 0.0–100 |
| Sex workers | 8 | 1606 | 67.9–92.7 | 84.9 | 84.1 (77.6–89.7) | 63.2 (<.001) | 88.9 (80.5–93.7) | 59.3–98.6 |
| Healthy/ clinical adult populations | 6 | 3732 | 74.3–82.0 | 75.9 | 77.0 (74.4–79.5) | 18.0 (.003) | 72.3 (36.0–88.0) | 68.1–84.8 |
| Age groups | ||||||||
| <20 y | 37 | 3101 | 11.1–94.1 | 51.6 | 55.5 (47.5–63.4) | 654.8 (<.001) | 94.5 (93.3–95.5) | 11.7–94.6 |
| 20–39 y | 48 | 5601 | 14.1–96.7 | 67.7 | 67.9 (62.4–73.3) | 784.3 (<.001) | 94.0 (92.8–95.0) | 23.0–96.0 |
| ≥40 y | 44 | 4966 | 48.0–100 | 89.3 | 87.5 (83.4–91.1) | 633.6 (<.001) | 93.2 (91.7–94.4) | 55.2–100 |
| All children | 26 | 1851 | 11.1–78.3 | 47.6 | 50.0 (41.3–58.7) | 343.6 (<.001) | 92.7 (90.5–94.4) | 10.2–89.8 |
| All adults | 151 | 20705 | 14.1–100 | 77.8 | 76.5 (73.3–79.6) | 3951.1 (<.001) | 96.2 (95.8–96.5) | 34.2–100 |
| All mixed-age groups | 5 | 3758 | 52.0–94.1 | 73.8 | 70.6 (59.4–80.8) | 112.8 (<.001) | 96.5 (94.0–97.9) | 29.6–98.3 |
| All studies/ strata | 182 | 26314 | 11.1–100 | 74.1 | 72.9 (69.8–75.9) | 5038.0 (.001) | 96.4 (96.1–96.7) | 30.3–99.4 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HSV-1, herpes simplex virus type 1; MSM, men who have sex with men.
aThe Cochran Q statistic is a measure assessing the existence of heterogeneity in effect size; I2, a measure that assesses the magnitude of between-study variation due to actual differences in effect size across studies rather than chance; and prediction interval, a measure that estimates the distribution (95% interval) of true effect sizes around the estimated mean.
bNo meta-analysis was done owing to the small number of studies (n < 3).