Table 3.
Univariable and Multivariable Meta-regression Analyses of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Seroprevalence Among Different Populations in Asia
| Variable | Outcome Measures, Total No. |
Samples, Total No. |
Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) |
P Value | Variance Explained, Adjusted R2, % | Model 1a | Model 2b | |||||
| ARR (95%CI) |
P Value | ARR (95% CI) |
P Value | ||||||
| Age bracket | |||||||||
| Children | 26 | 1851 | 1.0 | … | 1.0 | … | … | … | |
| Adults | 151 | 20705 | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | <.001 | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | <.001 | … | … | |
| Mixed ages | 5 | 3758 | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | .01 | 18.6 | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | .006 | … | … |
| Age group | |||||||||
| <20 y | 37 | 3101 | 1.0 | … | … | … | 1.0 | … | |
| 20–39 y | 48 | 5601 | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | .008 | … | … | 1.3 (1.0–1.5) | <.001 | |
| ≥40 y | 44 | 4966 | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | <.001 | … | … | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | <.001 | |
| Mixed | 53 | 12646 | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | <.001 | 21.1 | … | … | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | <.001 |
| Assay type | |||||||||
| Western blot | 9 | 2859 | 1.0 | … | 1.0 | … | 1.0 | … | |
| ELISA | 137 | 20032 | 0.8 (.6–1.0) | .09 | 0.9 (.8–1.1) | .63 | 0.9 (.7–1.0) | .28 | |
| Others | 36 | 3423 | 0.8 (.6–1.0) | .13 | 0.5 | 1.0 (.8–1.2) | .98 | 1.0 (.8–1.2) | .72 |
| Country’s income | |||||||||
| LMIC | 58 | 8047 | 1.0 | … | 1.0 | … | 1.0 | … | |
| UMIC | 55 | 10084 | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) | .02 | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | .01 | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | .03 | |
| HIC | 69 | 8183 | 0.9 (.8–1.1) | .39 | 7.1 | 0.9 (.8–1.2) | .13 | 0.9 (.8–.9) | .01 |
| Population type | |||||||||
| Healthy general populations | 126 | 12086 | 1.0 | … | 1.0 | … | 1.0 | … | |
| Clinical populations | 31 | 5638 | 0.9 (.8–1.0) | .17 | 1.0 (.8–1.1) | .74 | 1.0 (.9–1.1) | .87 | |
| Other populations | 25 | 8590 | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | .07 | 0.2 | 1.1 (.9–1.2) | .53 | 1.0 (.9–1.2) | .52 |
| Sample sizec | |||||||||
| <100 | 22 | 905 | 1.0 | … | … | … | … | … | |
| ≥100 | 160 | 25409 | 0.9 (.8–1.1) | .65 | 0.0 | … | … | … | … |
| Sampling method | |||||||||
| Probability based | 33 | 7104 | 1.0 | … | 1.0 | … | 1.0 | … | |
| Non–probability based | 149 | 19210 | 0.9 (.8–1.0) | .04 | 1.4 | 1.0 (.9–1.2) | .67 | 1.0 (.8–1.1) | .93 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 56 | 5665 | 1.0 | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Male | 55 | 6422 | 0.9 (.8–1.1) | .29 | … | … | … | … | |
| Mixed | 71 | 14227 | 0.9 (.8–1.1) | .46 | 1.4 | … | … | … | … |
| Year of data collection | 182 | 26314 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | .84 | 0.0 | … | … | … | … |
| Year of publication | 182 | 26314 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | .58 | 0.0 | … | … | … | … |
Abbreviations: ARR, adjusted risk ratio; CI, confidence interval; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HIC, high-income country; LMIC, lower-middle-income country; RR, risk ratio; UMIC, upper-middle-income country.
aThe variance explained by the final multivariable model 1 (adjusted R2) was 26.0%
bThe variance explained by the final multivariable model 2 (adjusted R2) was 33.9%
cSample size denotes the sample size for each study population found in the original publication.