Table 1.
Demographic variables and confounding variables (N=25)
| Variable | During intervention | During standard care | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 33.8 | 1.5 | |||||
| Birth weight (gram) | 1,983.7 | 383.9 | |||||
| Apgar score (1 min) | 6.9 | 2.3 | |||||
| Apgar score (5 min) | 8.5 | 1.1 | |||||
| Male (n) | 15 | ||||||
| Female (n) | 10 | ||||||
| Postconceptual age (weeks) | 34.6 | 0.8 | 34.5 | 1.0 | 0.11 | ||
| Postnatal age (days) | 5.2 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 0.36 | ||
| Weight on day of study (gram) | 1818.5 | 339.6 | 1810.3 | 352.8 | 0.38 | ||
| Duration from last feeding (minutes) | 154.6 | 31.5 | 149.1 | 26.6 | 0.78 | ||
| Blood glucose level (mg/dL) | 75.8 | 13.6 | 84.9 | 20.7 | 0.13 | ||
| Blood collection time (seconds) | 74.9 | 64.6 | 55.5 | 32.3 | 0.69 | ||
| Baseline: the Premature Infant Pain Profile | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 0.46 | ||
| Baseline: Heart rate (/minutes) | 150.9 | 18.3 | 152.8 | 19.0 | 0.67 | ||
| Baseline: Oxygen saturation (%) | 96.6 | 2.6 | 96.8 | 2.3 | 0.66 | ||
Unpaired t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test P<0.05.