Table 3.
Bivariable and multivariable Cox analyses of chondrosarcoma overall survival
| Bivariable analysis | Multivariable analysis* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Age (yrs) | ||||||
| > 18 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 0 to 18 | 0.379 | 0.285 to 0.503 | < 0.001 | 0.345 | 0.259 to 0.461 | < 0.001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Male | 0.568 | 0.324 to 0.998 | 0.049 | 0.809 | 0.421 to 1.555 | 0.525 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Black | 1.225 | 0.547 to 2.744 | 0.622 | 1.043 | 0.384 to 2.834 | 0.933 |
| Other/Unr | 0.522 | 0.161 to 1.690 | 0.278 | 0.663 | 0.189 to 2.322 | 0.521 |
| Year of diagnosis | ||||||
| 1973 to 1983 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 1984 to 1993 | 0.436 | 0.183 to 1.038 | 0.061 | 0.375 | 0.127 to 1.106 | 0.076 |
| 1994 to 2003 | 0.407 | 0.190 to 0.873 | 0.021 | 0.407 | 0.149 to 1.109 | 0.079 |
| 2004 to 2014 | 0.317 | 0.143 to 0.703 | 0.005 | 0.331 | 0.120 to 0.917 | 0.033 |
| Tumour sites | ||||||
| Vertebral column | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Pelvis/sacrococcyx | 0.941 | 0.289 to 3.072 | 0.920 | 0.808 | 0.196 to 3.329 | 0.768 |
| Limbs | 0.143 | 0.047 to 0.438 | 0.001 | 0.146 | 0.039 to 0.552 | 0.005 |
| Head and base | 0.280 | 0.082 to 0.960 | 0.043 | 0.179 | 0.041 to 0.777 | 0.022 |
| Other bones | 0.572 | 0.171 to 1.910 | 0.364 | 0.310 | 0.073 to 1.322 | 0.114 |
| Extraskeletal sites | 0.287 | 0.084 to 0.982 | 0.047 | 0.164 | 0.042 to 0.631 | 0.009 |
| Histological subtype | ||||||
| Chondrosarcoma, not otherwise specified | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Juxtacortical | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Chondroblastoma malignant | 0.447 | 0.107 to 1.872 | 0.270 | 0.508 | 0.094 to 2.737 | 0.430 |
| Myxoid | 2.408 | 1.095 to 5.298 | 0.029 | 3.053 | 1.078 to 8.645 | 0.036 |
| Mesenchymal | 1.056 | 0.460 to 2.425 | 0.897 | 1.258 | 0.392 to 4.040 | 0.699 |
| Clear cell | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dedifferentiated | 9.547 | 2.211 to 41.228 | 0.003 | 1.257 | 0.135 to 11.687 | 0.840 |
| Grade | ||||||
| Low grade | Reference | Reference | ||||
| High grade | 4.816 | 2.272 to 10.211 | < 0.001 | 3.244 | 1.289 to 8.165 | 0.012 |
| Grade X | 2.025 | 0.995 to 4.120 | 0.052 | 2.526 | 1.013 to 6.299 | 0.047 |
| Stage | ||||||
| Localized | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Regional | 3.202 | 1.514 to 6.773 | 0.002 | 3.135 | 1.329 to 7.396 | 0.009 |
| Distant | 8.683 | 4.048 to 18.627 | < 0.001 | 7.628 | 3.104 to 18.745 | < 0.001 |
| Stage X | 2.131 | 0.799 to 5.683 | 0.131 | 1.498 | 0.474 to 4.734 | 0.491 |
| Treatment | ||||||
| Non-surgery | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Surgery | 0.273 | 0.147 to 0.509 | < 0.001 | 0.343 | 0.153 to 0.769 | 0.009 |
*
adjusted by Cox regression model including the factors: gender, race, year of diagnosis, tumour sites, histological subtype, grade, stage and treatment
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; Unr, unreported; Grade X, unknown grade; Stage X, unknown stage