Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics for Study Variables.

	Mean	SD	N
Financial performance
Operating margin (%)	9.98	9.36	173 021
Structure
RN hours per resident day	0.36	0.51	171 093
LPN hours per resident day	0.79	0.62	170 975
CNA hours per resident day	2.19	0.98	170 796
RN to nurse ratio	0.30	0.18	171 114
Process
Facility-acquired catheterization	0.02	0.03	122 572
Facility-acquired restraints	0.04	0.07	122 572
Pressure sore preventiona	1.46	0.85	94 051
Restorative ambulationa	1.96	2.31	94 051
Outcomes
Facility-acquired contractures	0.11	0.14	122 572
Facility-acquired bedsores	0.03	0.04	122 572
Hospitalizations per resident	0.91	0.48	155 265
Rehospitalizations	15.42	10.88	158 296
Health deficiencies	5.95	5.55	145 812
Control
Total beds	113	59	171 124
Average acuity index	11.26	1.39	171 124
Herfindahl-Hirschman Index	0.24	0.26	139 320
Per capita income	$34 978	$11 430	139 406
Medicare Advantage (managed care) penetration rate	17.06	15.17	139 658

Note. N= nursing home-year observation.

^aData for these variables were available only from 2000 to 2009.