Cultured NRK-49F cells were starved for 24 h and then exposed to 800 μM of uric acid for 36 h in the absence or presence of 3-MA (0–10 mM). Cell lysates were subjected to immunoblot analysis using antibodies to α-SMA, Collagen I, or β-Actin (A). Expression levels of α-SMA and Collagen I were quantitated by densitometry and normalized with β-Actin (B,C). Cell lysates were subjected to immunoblot analysis using antibodies to LC3, Beclin-1, or β-Actin (D). LC3 was showed in LC3II/I ratio (E). Beclin-1 was quantitated by densitometry and normalized with β-Actin (F). Data are represented as the mean ± S.E.M. Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from one another (P<0.05).