Multiple metastatic lesions |
Poor survival if > 1 lesion [24, 26, 34, 35, 37] |
Poorer survival if the number of metastasis > 4 or metastases are present in both lungs [28, 29] |
Hilar/mediastinal lymph node metastases present |
Poor survival if lymph node metastases are present [30, 32, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41] |
High preoperative CEA levels |
Poor survival if > 5 ng/ml [33–35, 37, 40, 41] |
Large tumor diameter |
The larger the tumor, the poorer the survival [34] |
Short disease-free interval (DFI) |
Poor survival if DFI < 24 months [26] |
Older age |
Poor survival if > 70 years [29] |
Advanced primary tumor stage |
Advanced stage of primary tumor results in poor prognosis [36] |
Primary tumor located at the rectum |
Rectal cancer has a poorer survival than colon cancer [25] |
R1 or R2 resection |
R1 or R2 resection is associated with poor survival [33, 42] |
Pulmonary lobectomy |
Pulmonary lobectomy has poorer survival than wedge resection or segmental resection of the lung [40] |