Table 2.
Responsiveness parameters for the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) scales 6 months after discharge according to transitional questions (n = 1211)
| Physical | Emotional | Total | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Improveda (n = 393) |
The sameb (n = 335) |
Worsenedc (n = 238) |
Improveda (n = 280) |
The sameb (n = 451) |
Worsenedc (n = 234) |
Improveda (n = 397) |
The sameb (n = 270) |
Worsenedc (n = 296) |
|
| Mean (SD) | |||||||||
| At baseline | 26.46 (9.31) | 25.67 (9.59) | 27.30 (9.40) | 11.63 (7.11) | 11.25 (7.20) | 13.36 (7.16) | 55.80 (22.60) | 53.35 (22.99) | 58.26 (24.15) |
| At 6 months | 15.90 (11.08) | 20.64 (11.55) | 28.75 (9.57) | 7.34 (6.34) | 9.26 (7.18) | 15.95 (6.69) | 33.41 (23.65) | 41.67 (25.11) | 60.92 (23.79) |
| Change | 10.41bc (12.46) | 5.03ac (11.29) | −1.52ab (10.18) | 4.07bc (8.00) | 1.91ac (8.00) | −2.59ab (7.53) | 21.83bc (27.51) | 11.39ac (26.09) | −2.44ab (25.50) |
| P value* | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | 0.043 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | 0.165 |
| SES (CI 95%) | 1.12 (0.94–1.29) | 0.52 (0.40–0.68) | 0.16 (0.02–0.30) | 0.57 (0.43–0.72) | 0.27 (0.15–0.36) | 0.36 (0.24–0.50) | 0.97 (0.84–1.11) | 0.50 (0.37–0.63) | 0.10 (0.01–0.22) |
| SRM (CI 95%) | 0.84 (0.71–0.97) | 0.45 (0.33–0.54) | 0.15 (0.02–0.27) | 0.51 (0.38–0.63) | 0.24 (0.15–0.34) | 0.34 (0.21–0.48) | 0.79 (0.65–0.90) | 0.44 (0.33–0.56) | 0.10 (0.02–0.20) |
*Paired t-test to compare the mean scores at baseline and at 6 months after discharge
SD standard deviation, SES standardized effect size, SRM standardized response mean, CI 95% confidence interval
MLHFQ physical subscale scores range from 0 to 40, emotional subscale scores from 0 to 25, and total scores from 0 to 105, with higher scores indicating worse health status. Changes were calculated by subtracting follow-up scores from baseline scores; a positive result indicates a gain in quality of life
abc Superscript letters indicated differences among the three subgroups (improved, equal, and worsened) according to Scheffe’s test for multiple comparisons at P < 0.05