Prevalence and predictors of self care practices among hypertensive patients at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

Variables	Medication usage		Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
Variables	Adherent	Non-adherent	P-value	COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)
Age in years
19–39 years	32	10	0.022	2.667 (1.151–6.176)	0.064	2.455 (0.951–6.339)
40–64 years	137	85	0.270	1.343 (0.795–2.268)	0.380	1.300 (0.723–2.337)
≥ 65 years	42	35	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Time of HTN diagnosis
< 3 years	74	30	0.020	1.800 (1.096–2.958)	0.092	1.605 (0.926–2.782)
≥ 3 years	137	100	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
BMI
16–18.49	14	8	0.360	1.559 (0.603–4.032)	0.098	2.396 (0.851–6.747)
18.5–24.9	142	73	0.024	1.733 (1.075–2.793)	0.026	1.822 (1.073–3.093)
≥ 25	55	49	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Self-efficacy
Good	80	23	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Poor	131	107	0.000	0.352 (0.207–0.598)	0.003	0.407 (0.227–0.730)

Variables	Low salt diet		Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
Variables	Adherent	Non–adherent	P–value	COR (95% CI)	P–value	AOR (95% CI)
Time of HTN diagnosis
< 3 years	40	64	0.035	1.689 (1.037–2.753)	0.050	1.752 (0.999–3.074)
≥ 3 years	64	173	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Social support
Low	23	91	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Medium	58	119	0.020	1.928 (1.107–3.358)	0.053	1.837 (0.992–3.401)
Greater	23	27	0.001	3.370 (1.640–6.925)	0.016	2.811 (1.209–6.534)
HTN knowledge
Poor	28	94	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Average	55	127	0.164	1.454 (0.858–2.464)	0.313	1.345 (0.756–2.391)
Adequate	21	16	0.000	4.406 (2.029–9.567)	0.003	3.789 (1.575–9.114)
Self-efficacy
Good	49	54	0.001	3.019 (1.849–4.930)	0.001	2.584 (1.477–4.521)
Poor	55	183	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0

Variables	Physical activity		Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
Variables	Adherent	Non-adherent	P-value	COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)
Age in years
19–39 years	24	18	0.043	2.207 (1.026–4.745)	0.164	1.864 (0.775–4.480)
40–64 years	100	122	0.261	1.357 (0.797–2.308)	0.345	1.346 (0.726–2.495)
≥ 65 years	29	48	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sex
Male	93	84	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Female	60	104	0.003	0.521 (0.338–0.804)	0.017	0.517 (0.301–0.887)
Education
Illiterate	47	102	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Read and write	12	23	0.755	1.132 (0.520–2.467)	0.929	0.963 (0.422–2.200)
Primary	43	37	0.001	2.522 (1.442–4.411)	0.077	1.728 (0.942–3.170)
Secondary	29	14	0.000	4.495 (2.176–9.286)	0.002	3.301 (1.529–7.126)
College/above	22	12	0.001	3.979 (1.817–8.711)	0.172	1.912 (0.754–4.846)
Marital status
Married	135	144	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Others	18	44	0.006	0.436 (0.240–0.792)	0.627	0.842 (0.420–1.686)
HTN knowledge
Poor	45	77	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Average	84	98	0.110	1.467 (0.917–2.345)	0.288	1.320 (0.791–2.204)
Adequate	24	13	0.003	3.159 (1.465–6.813)	0.025	2.585 (1.125–5.940)
Self-efficacy
Good	60	43	0.001	2.176 (1.359–3.482)	0.097	1.567 (0.922–2.664)
Poor	93	145	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0

Variables	Non-smoking		Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
Variables	Adherent	Non-adherent	P-value	COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)
Sex
Male	160	17	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Female	159	5	0.019	3.376 (1.217–9.379)	0.021	3.626 (1.21–10.851)
Self-rated health
Good-very good	190	4	0.001	6.628 (2.193–20.036)	0.012	4.482 (1.39–14.45)
Fair to poor	129	18	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Social support
Low	103	13	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Medium	170	7	0.019	3.126 (1.207–8.093)	0.148	2.246 (0.749–6.732)
Greater	48	2	0.148	3.089 (0.670–14.235)	0.524	1.730 (0.320–9.337)
Self-efficacy
Good	102	1	0.026	9.87 (1.310–74.399)	0.052	9.541 (0.98–92.752)
Poor	217	21	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0

Variables	Non-alcohol usage		Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
Variables	Adherent	Non-adherent	P-value	COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)
Education
Illiterate	131	18	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Read and write	29	6	0.426	0.664 (0.242–1.819)	0.732	0.817 (0.267–2.250)
Primary	76	4	0.093	2.611 (0.852–7.999)	0.398	1.701 (0.496–5.835)
Secondary	38	5	0.936	1.044 (0.364–2.998)	0.900	1.081 (0.321–3.644)
College/above	27	7	0.198	0.530 (0.202–1.393)	0.036	0.239 (0.063–0.908)
Presence of DM
Yes	43	12	0.014	0.389 (0.184–0.823)	0.282	0.615 (0.254–1.491)
No	258	28	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
BMI
16–18.49	19	3	0.675	1.326 (0.354–4.959)	0.581	1.537 (0.334–7.061)
18.5–24.9	196	19	0.029	2.159 (1.080–4.316)	0.084	2.036 (0.909–4.561)
≥ 25	86	18	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Self-rated health
Good-very good	178	16	0.024	2.171 (1.107–4.255)	0.198	1.638 (0.773–3.470)
Fair to poor	123	24	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0

Variables	Weight management		Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
Variables	Adherent	Non-adherent	P-value	COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)
Education
Illiterate	63	86	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Read and write	21	14	0.061	2.048 (0.967–4.336)	0.095	2.099 (0.879–5.015)
Primary	49	31	0.007	2.158 (1.239–3.758)	0.258	1.467 (0.755–2.849)
Secondary	32	11	0.000	3.971 (1.860–8.476)	0.002	4.146 (1.65–10.405)
College/above	29	5	0.000	7.917 (2.903–21.591)	0.017	4.241 (1.289–13.96)
BMI
16–18.49	13	9	0.273	1.685 (0.663–4.285)	0.058	2.903 (0.964–8.742)
18.5–24.9	133	82	0.008	1.892 (1.178–3.039)	0.009	2.219 (1.218–4.043)
≥ 25	48	56	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Social support
Low	38	76	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Medium	118	59	0.000	4.000 (2.428–6.590)	0.000	4.050 (2.279–7.196)
Greater	38	12	0.000	6.333 (2.971–13.500)	0.000	6.694 (2.733–16.39)
HTN knowledge
Poor	60	62	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Average	106	76	0.120	1.441 (0.909–2.286)	0.303	1.334 (0.771–2.305)
Adequate	28	9	0.006	3.215 (1.401–7.378)	0.011	3.524 (1.331–9.328)
Self-efficacy
Good	78	25	0.000	3.215 (1.956–5.504)	0.002	2.584 (1.411–4.731)
Poor	116	122	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0

Table 3.