Fig. 4.

Plasma translocation of Staphylococcus correlates with autoantibody production. Significant increases in relative abundance of Staphylococcus-associated taxa from the phylum, class, order, family, genus levels (a) to the species level (b) in high ANA compared to low ANA HIV+ groups. Bar graphs represent mean percent taxa abundance ± SD. c Correlations between autoantibody induction and frequencies of Staphylococcus. d Baseline plasma levels of anti-Staphylococcus aureus LTA IgG and IgA. Mann-Whitney U (unpaired) and Spearman’s rank tests. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01