Table 5. Comparison of OJIP parameters measured with direct fast imaging in comparison to P&P with 20-s delay time.

The values represent the average and SE of an independent measurement on different plants. The values represent medians ± se (n = 4). Asterisks denote significant differences between the two groups according to the Mann-Whitney test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).

Parameter	Direct Fast Imaging	P&P 20-s Delay
Vj	0.520 ± 0.006	0.48 ± 0.003**
Vi	0.87 ± 0.008	0.92 ± 0.005*
Mo	1.44 ± 0.023	1.145 ± 0.006***
ΦPo	0.825 ± 0.005	0.825 ± 0.005
ΦET2o	0.39 ± 0.006	0.43 ± 0.003**
ΦRE1o	0.105 ± 0.008	0.07 ± 0.003*
ABS/RC	3.35 ± 0.029	2.93 ± 0.021***
TRo/RC	2.75 ± 0.015	2.41 ± 0.011***
ET2o/RC	1.315 ± 0.014	1.26 ± 0.013*
RE1o/RC	0.355 ± 0.019	0.20 ± 0.01**
DIo/RC	0.600 ± 0.015	0.515 ± 0.013**