Table 3.
Development of PDD.
| Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PDD N = 18 | No-PDD N = 121 | HR | 95%CI | p-value | HR | 95%CI | p-value | |
| Sex, Men (%) | 12 (66.7) | 75 (62.0) | 1.21 | 0.44–3.37 | 0.7 | 2.42 | 0.76–7.74 | 0.1 |
| Age, years | 68.3 ± 8.4 | 65.3 ± 9.5 | 1.07 | 1.00–1.15 | 0.04 | 1.06 | 0.99–1.14 | 0.1 |
| Age ≤ 67 years | 7 (38.9) | 62 (52.1) | 1 | / | / | |||
| Age > 67 years | 11 (61.1) | 59 (48.8) | 3.49 | 1.09–11.2 | 0.03 | |||
| Age at onset, years | 64.9 ± 8.4 | 62.4 ± 10.1 | 1.05 | 0.99–1.12 | 0.1 | |||
| Age at onset ≤ 50 years | 1 (5.6) | 11 (10.0) | 1 | / | / | |||
| Age at onset > 50 years | 17 (94.4) | 99 (90.0) | 1.12 | 0.15–8.62 | 0.9 | |||
| UPDRS-ME | 33.1 ± 16.5 | 25.1 ± 12.7 | 1.03 | 1.00–1.05 | 0.06 | 1.04 | 1.00–1.08 | 0.03 |
| UPDRS ≤ 25 | 7 (38.9) | 71 (58.7) | 1 | / | / | |||
| UPDRS > 26 | 11 (61.1) | 50 (41.3) | 2.61 | 0.90–7.55 | 0.08 | |||
| HY stage | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 0.77 | 0.40–1.47 | 0.4 | |||
| Disease duration, years | 3.4 ± 2.8 | 2.9 ± 2.8 | 1.07 | 0.92–1.25 | 0.3 | |||
| Education, years | 7.4 ± 4.8 | 9.2 ± 4.5 | 0.88 | 0.78–0.99 | 0.04 | |||
| Education ≤ 8 years | 13 (72.2) | 69 (57.0) | 1 | / | / | 1 | / | / |
| Education > 8 years | 5 (27.8) | 52 (43.0) | 0.28 | 0.08–1.03 | 0.06 | 0.36 | 0.09–1.52 | 0.2 |
| LED mg/day | 353.8 ± 298.4 | 432.1 ± 459.8 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.001 | 0.9 | |||
| Cognition baseline | ||||||||
| NC | 4 (22.2) | 80 (66.1) | 1 | / | / | 1 | / | / |
| MCI | 14 (77.8) | 41 (33.9) | 4.37 | 1.42–13.5 | 0.01 | 6.24 | 1.81–21.5 | 0.004 |
| Depression | 9 (50.0) | 42 (34.7) | 1.28 | 0.50–3.24 | 0.6 | |||
| Phenotype (%) | ||||||||
| TD | 6 (33.3) | 37 (30.6) | 1 | / | / | |||
| PIGD | 12 (66.7) | 74 (61.2) | 1.01 | 0.38–2.76 | 0.9 | |||
| Mixed | 0 | 10 (8.3) | / | / | / | |||
Cox proportional-hazards regression models. PDD: Parkinson’s Disease Dementia; HR: Hazard Ratio; UPDRS-ME: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Motor Examination; HY: Hoehn and Yahr; LED: Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dose; NC: Normal Cognition; MCI: Mild Cognitive Impairment; TD: Tremor Dominant; PIGD: Postural Instability Gait Difficulty.