Fig. 4.
a BiP is a regulator of the 3 arms of the ER stress cascade and was significantly elevated 4 and 48 h following CCI. ** p < 0.01. b CHOP is a marker of the first arm of the ER stress pathway and contributes to activation of phosphorylated GSK-3β and cleavage and activation of caspase-12. CHOP was significantly increased 4 h following CCI. * p < 0.05.