RNA adsorption on minerals coupled with Azoarcus self-assembling recombination. (A) Assembled Azoarcus ribozyme (WXYZ). The W fragment was partly 32P-labeled. Dotted lines show recombination junctions. (B) Ratio of some elongated products to WX, through the incubation of W, X, Y, and Z (2 μM each) at 48 °C for 2 h with 0.2 mg hydroxyapatite (HA). RNA concentrations (on surface, supernatant) were demonstrated by gel electrophoresis and normalized to the levels obtained with no minerals (NM, dotted line). The error bars indicate standard errors (N = 3). (C) An example of an analyzed gel image. Lanes 1, no reaction; 2, NM; 3, +HA, on surface; 4, +HA, supernatant; expected products and approximate lengths are indicated on the left.