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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Inq. 2017 Aug 18;28(2-3):77–98. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2017.1323463

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Identity resides at the highest levels of the goal hierarchy. Higher-level, more abstract, longer-term (“why”) construals connect actions to identity. Lower-level, more concrete, shorter-term (“how”) construals distance actions from identity. Only some aspects of identity are shown; others (e.g., actual self, important past events) are not necessarily higher-level. [Adapted from Carver & Scheier, 1998.]