Table 5.
Indirect, direct, and total effects of the mediating factors and perceived school climate on physical bullying and component structural coefficientsa.
| School climate variable | Mediating factor | Indirect effect (CI) of school climate on bullying via mediating factor | Ratio of indirect effect to direct effect of school climate on bullyingb | Effect (CI) of mediating factor on bullying | Direct effect (CI) of school climate on bullying |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clarity and consistency (Total effect = −0.65, SE = 0.12) | School Connectedness | −0.50c [−0.61, −0.39] | 0.73 | −1.24 [−1.47, −1.01] | −0.18 [−0.38, 0.02] |
| Peer Attachment | −0.23c [−0.35, −0.10] | 0.34 | −0.47 [−0.68, −0.25] | −0.44 [−0.70, −0.19] | |
| Assertion | −0.25 [−0.37, −0.12] | 0.36 | −0.95 [−1.34, −0.55] | −0.44 [−0.69, −0.19] | |
| Empathy | 0.00 [−0.06, 0.06] | 0.00 | 0.00 [−0.25, 0.24] | −0.65 [−0.89, −0.41] | |
| Teacher support (Total effect = −0.55, SE = 0.08) | School Connectedness | −0.56c [−0.67, −0.45] | 1.01 | −1.34 [−1.73, −1.05] | 0.00 [−0.19, 0.20] |
| Peer Attachment | 0.24c [−0.40, −0.07] | 0.42 | −0.43 [−0.68, −0.18] | −0.33 [−0.55, −0.10] | |
| Assertion | −0.22c [−0.35, −0.10] | 0.39 | −0.93 [−1.32, −0.54] | −0.35 [−0.49, −0.20] | |
| Empathy | 0.00 [−0.04, 0.05] | 0.00 | 0.01[−0.23, 0.25] | −0.55 [−0.71, −0.39] | |
| Positive peer interactions (Total effect = −0.59, SE = 0.10) | School Connectedness | −0.63c [−0.79, −0.48] | 1.09 | −1.30 [−1.57, −1.02] | 0.05 [−0.19, 0.29] |
| Peer Attachment | −0.23c [−0.37, −0.09] | 0.39 | −0.44 [−0.68, −0.20] | −0.37 [−0.58, −0.16] | |
| Assertion | −0.20c [−0.29, −0.12] | 0.34 | −0.92 [−1.26, −0.59] | −0.40 [−0.56, −0.24] | |
| Empathy | 0.00 [−0.05, 0.05] | 0.00 | 0.01 [−0.22, 0.24] | −0.60 [−0.78, −0.41] | |
| Student input (Total effect = −0.44, SE = 0.08) | School Connectedness | −0.37c [−0.46, −0.28] | 0.87 | −1.28 [−1.54, −1.02] | −0.06 [−0.20, 0.09] |
| Peer Attachment | −0.19c [−0.31, −0.07] | 0.42 | −0.50 [−0.72, −0.27] | −0.26 [−0.45, −0.07] | |
| Assertion | −0.15c [−0.23, −0.07] | 0.33 | −1.02 [−1.43, −0.62] | −0.30 [−0.46, −0.15] | |
| Empathy | −0.01 [−0.04, 0.01] | 0.03 | −0.12 [−0.38, 0.14] | −0.43 [−0.58, −0.28] |
Student N = 2,818, Cluster n = 14. CI = 95% confidence interval. Cell contents for effects are logistic structural coefficients and 95% confidence intervals. Total effects and model fit shown only once for each climate variable to reduce redundancy.
Computed using total effects within each individual model for maximum accuracy; minor inconsistencies from the total effect reported via a given mediator are to be expected. Values > 1 reflect point estimates of indirect effects greater than point estimates of total effects, which can reflect omitted inconsistent mediators and/or sampling variability.
Indirect effect is significant, p < .05, controlling false discovery rate. Direct effects and effects of mediators presented for context; statistical significance not marked.