Table 7.
Indirect effects and total effects of the mediating factors and perceived school climate on cyberbullying and component structural coefficientsa.
| School climate variable | Mediating factor | Indirect effect of school climate on bullying via mediating factor (CI) | Ratio of indirect effect to direct effect of school climate on bullyingb | Effect of mediating factor on bullying (CI) | Direct effect of school climate on bullying (CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clarity and consistency (Total effect = −0.70, SE = 0.10) | School Connectedness | −0.33c [−0.44, −0.23] | 0.48 | −0.83 [−1.10, −0.57] | −0.37 [−0.58, −0.15] |
| Peer Attachment | −0.08 [−0.20, 0.04] | 0.12 | −0.17 [−0.40, 0.06] | −0.62 [−0.86, −0.38] | |
| Assertion | −0.19c [−0.33, −0.05] | 0.26 | −0.74 [−1.22, −0.26] | −0.53 [−0.76, −0.31] | |
| Empathy | 0.16c [0.10, 0.23] | Undefined | 0.70 [0.46, 0.94] | −0.85 [−1.08, −0.62] | |
| Teacher support (Total effect = −0.38, SE = 0.08) | School Connectedness | −0.44c [−0.52, −0.36] | 1.22 | −1.06 [−1.29, −0.83] | 0.08 [−0.07, 0.23] |
| Peer Attachment | −0.11 [−0.24, 0.03] | 0.28 | −0.19 [−0.44, 0.05] | −0.28 [−0.49, −0.06] | |
| Assertion | −0.21c [−0.35, −0.07] | 0.53 | −0.86 [−1.34, -.39] | −0.19 [−0.35, −0.02] | |
| Empathy | 0.12c [0.05, 0.18] | Undefined | 0.60 [0.37, 0.83] | −0.49 [−0.66, −0.31] | |
| Positive peer interactions (Total effect = −0.35, SE = 0.14) | School Connectedness | −0.52c [−0.62, −0.42] | 1.68 | −1.07 [−1.32, −0.83] | 0.21 [−0.10, 0.52] |
| Peer Attachment | −0.12 [−0.28, 0.05] | 0.28 | −0.22 [−0.51, 0.08] | −0.24 [−0.63, 0.15] | |
| Assertion | −0.19c [−0.29, −0.09] | 0.55 | −0.87 [−1.29, −0.46] | −0.16 [−0.42, 0.10] | |
| Empathy | 0.12c [0.07, 0.17] | Undefined | 0.58 [0.36, 0.79] | −0.47 [−0.74, −0.20] | |
| Student input (Total effect = −0.33, SE = 0.10) | School Connectedness | −0.28c [−0.37, −0.20] | 0.96 | −0.98 [−1.23, −0.72] | −0.01 [−0.22, 0.19] |
| Peer Attachment | −0.10c [−0.18, −0.01] | 0.29 | −0.25 [−0.46, −0.04] | −0.23 [−0.42, −0.04] | |
| Assertion | −0.13c [−0.22, −0.05] | 0.40 | −.90 [−1.36, −0.44] | −0.20 [−0.39, 0.00] | |
| Empathy | 0.04c [0.01, 0.08] | Undefined | 0.47 [0.24, 0.70] | −0.37 [−0.57, −0.17] |
Student N = 2,818, Cluster n = 14. CI = 95% Confidence Interval. Std OR = Odds ratio standardized with respect to school climate variable. Cell contents are logistic structural coefficients and 95% confidence intervals for indirect and total effects and for effects of mediators on bullying outcomes, and linear path coefficients for effects of climate variables on mediators. Total effects shown only once for each climate variable to reduce redundancy. Effects of climate variables on mediators shown only in Table 3 due to redundancy.
Computed using total effects within each individual model for maximum accuracy; minor inconsistencies from the total effect reported via a given mediator are to be expected. Values > 1 reflect point estimates of indirect effects greater than point estimates of total effects. Quantity is undefined for inconsistent mediation.
Indirect effect is significant, p < .05, controlling false discovery rate. Direct effects and effects of mediators presented for context; statistical significance not marked.