Study ID	Regional technique	Timing of intervention	Adjuvants	Outcomes	Continuous	Follow‐up(month)
Breast cancer surgery
Albi‐Feldzer 2013	Wound instillation and intervertebral block	Postincision, single shot vs placebo	None	Pain/no pain	Brief Pain Index	3, 6 and 12 months
Baudry 2008	Local Infiltration	Single shot, postincision vs control	None	Pain/no pain	McGill results not reported	18 months
Besic 2014	Local Infiltration	Postincision, continuous post‐op vs control	None	Pain/no pain	None	3 months
Fassoulaki 2000	Topical application	Preincision, continuous post‐op vs placebo	Propoxyphene	Pain/no pain	Verbal Intensity Scale	3 months
Fassoulaki 2001	Brachial plexus block	Postincision, single shot vs placebo	Mexiletine, propoxyphene	Pain/no pain	VAS	3 months
Fassoulaki 2005	Topical application	Postincision, continuous postop vs control	Gabapentin	Pain/no pain	Analgesic consumption	6 months
Gacio 2016	Paravertebral block	Single shot, preincision vs control	Parecoxib, fentanyl, morphine, and adrenaline	Pain/no pain	None	6 months
Grigoras 2012	IV lidocaine	Preincision, continuous intra‐op vs placebo	None	Pain/no pain	Short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire	3 months
Ibarra 2011	Single shot, paravertebral block	Single shot, preincision vs control	None	Myofascial, phantom or neuropathic pain	None	3 and 5 months
Kairaluoma 2006	Single shot, paravertebral block	Single shot, preincision vs control	None	NRS > 3	Analgesic consumption	12 months
Karmakar 2014	Thoracic paravertebral block	Single shot, preincision vs pre incision, continuous vs control	Epinephrine	Pain/no pain	VRS	3 and 6 months
Lam 2015	Paravertebral block	Not specified	None	Pain/no pain	None	6 months
Lee 2013	Paravertebral block	Preincision, continuous intra‐op and post‐op vs control	Pregabalin	Pain/no pain	Short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire	3 months
Micha 2012	Local infiltration with brachial plexus and interscalene block	Postincision, single shot vs placebo	None	DN4	None	6 months
Strazisar 2012	Local infiltration	Postincision, continuous post‐op vs control	None	Pain/no pain	None	3 months
Strazisar 2014	Local infiltration	Postincision, continuous post‐op vs control	None	Pain/no pain	None	3 months
Tecirli 2014	Intercostal nerve block	Postincision, single shot vs control	None	DN4	VAS	3 months
Terkawi 2015b	IV lidocaine	Preincision, continuous intra‐op and post‐op vs placebo	None	Pain/no pain	VAS	6 months
Caesarean section
Bollag 2012	Transversus abdominis plane block	Single shot, post‐op vs placebo	Clonidine	None	Short form McGill Pain Questionnaire	3, 6 and 12 months
Lavand'homme 2007	Wound irrigation	Preincision, continuous post‐op vs control	None	Pain/no pain	Analgesic consumption	6 months
Loane 2012	Transversus abdominis plane block	Postincision, single shot vs placebo	None	Pain/no pain	None	3 months
McKeen 2014	Transversus abdominis plane block	Postincision, single shot vs placebo	None	None	SF‐36	6 months
Shahin 2010	Peritoneal instillation	Postincision, single shot vs placebo	None	Pain/no pain	NRS	8 months
Singh 2013	Transversus abdominis plane block	Postincision, single shot vs placebo	None	None	NRS	3 months
Iliac crest bone graft
Barkhuysen 2010	Local infiltration	Postincision, single shot vs control	Epinephrine	Pain/no pain	None	1 Year
Gundes 2000	Wound instillation	Postincision, single shot vs placebo	None	Pain and dysaesthesia vs none	None	3 months
Singh 2007	Wound irrigation	Postincision, continuous post‐op vs control	None	Pain/no pain	VAS, pain frequency, functional activity score, overall satisfaction	4.7 years
Prostatectomy
Brown 2004	Spinal	Preincision, continuous intra‐op vs placebo	Clonidine	Pain/no pain	Numerical Pain Scale, SF‐36	3 months
Gupta 2006	Epidural	Continuos, post‐op vs placebo	Adrenaline	None	SF‐36	3 months
Thoracatomy
Can 2013	Epidural	Single shot, preincision vs preincision, continuous vs control	None	Pain/no pain	VAS, patient satisfaction	6 months
Comez 2015	Epidural	Preincision, continuous intra‐op vs control	Dexketoprofen, morphine, and fentanyl	Pain/no pain	VAS	3 and 6 months
Ju 2008	Epidural	Preincision and post‐op vs control	None	Pain/no pain	Allodynia	12 months
Katz 1996	Intercostal nerve block	Single shot, postincision vs control	None	Pain/no pain	VRS, analgesic consumption	18 months
Liu 2015	Wound irrigation	Postincision, continuous post‐op vs control	Fentanyl	Pain/no pain	None	3 months
Lu 2008	Epidural	Preincision vs post‐op vs control	None	Pain/no pain	None	6 months
Senturk 2002	Epidural	Preincision vs post‐op vs control	None	Pain/no pain	NRS, pain affecting daily living	6 months
Vaginal hysterectomy
Purwar 2015	Spinal	Single shot, preincision vs control	Fentanyl	None	VAS, SF‐36	3 months
Sprung 2006	Spinal	Single shot, preincision vs control	Clonidine	None	NRS, SF‐36	3 months
Abdominal hysterectomy
Wodlin 2011	Spinal	Single shot, preincision vs control	None	None	SF‐36	6 months
DN4: Douleur Neuropathique 4, a pain questionnaire; NRS: numerical rating scale; SF‐36: Short Form Health Survey; VAS: visual analogue scale; VRS: verbal rating scale