(A) Types of membrane deformation of polymersomes observed following optical excitation. (B) Membrane rupture of a dextran-encapsulated polymersome following optical excitation (λex = 458, 488, 515, 543, and 633 nm; laser power = 33 mW). Top panels represent phase contrast images and bottom panels represent emitted PZn2 fluorescence images, before and after optical excitation. (C) Frequency of deformation events for different molecular weights of dextran (MW). Reproduced with permission.[145]