Figure 8.

(A) Synthesis of amphiphilic glycopolymers by (a) reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization of pentafluorophenyl acrylate; (b) chain extension with n-butyl acrylate; and (c) displacement of pentafluorophenol by β-D-glucosyloxyethylamine. (B) Schematic of electroformation apparatus for the construction of the giant polymersomes. A polymer film is deposited onto indium tin oxide-coated glass slides, which are separated by a rubber O-ring. The chamber is filled with sucrose solution. A sinusoidal electric field is applied to form giant polymersomes form by budding off from the film on the conductive substrate. (C, D) Fluorescence microscopy images of glycosylated giant polymersomes stained with rhodamine B octadecyl ester perchlorate (scale bar: 20 μm). Reproduced with permission.^[84] Copyright 2016, Nature Publishing Group.