Table 1.
Differences between Baseline Characteristics at Birth by Mothers’ Depressed Mood
| No Depressed Mood (EPDS<13) | Depressed Mood(EPDS>13) | All Mothers | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 395 | N = 73 | N = 468 | |
| Demographic & Structural Characteristics | |||
| Mean age (SD) | 24.8 (7.1) | 25.4 (7.7) | 24.9 (7.2) |
| Mean highest education level (SD) | 8.6 (2.4) | 8.6 (2.4) | 8.6 (2.4) |
| Live With Father or Family* | 35% (139) | 23% (17) | 33% (94) |
| Monthly household income>2000Rand** | 51% (194/379) | 31% (21/68) | 48% (215/447) |
| Water Tank on Site | 17% (69) | 10% (7) | 16% (76) |
| Electricity | 17% (67) | 8% (6) | 16% (73) |
| Mean Household Members (SD) | 5.4 (2.8) | 6.0 (3.0) | 5.9 (2.9) |
| Intended to Apply for Child Support Grant | 97% (383) | 96% (70) | 97% (453) |
| Maternal Health | |||
| Mean EPDS | 6.1 (3.6) | 17.6 (3.3) | 7.9 (5.5) |
| Primipara | 40% (157) | 38% (28) | 40% (185) |
| Four+ Antenatal Clinic Appointments | 48%(132/275) | 38% (8/21) | 47% (140/296) |
| HIV Positive | 28% (110) | 30% (22) | 28% (132) |
| Alcohol and Domestic Violence | |||
| Alcohol Before Learning of Pregnancy | 11% (44) | 12% (9) | 11% (53) |
| Alcohol After Learning of Pregnancy | 6% (25) | 8% (6) | 7% (31) |
| Domestic Violence Previously* | 9% (37) | 19% (14) | 11% (51) |
| Domestic Violence During Pregnancy* | 20% (80) | 32% (23) | 22% (103) |
| Children Growth Measures | |||
| Mean HAZ Scores (SD) | −0.18 (1.15) | −0.08 (1.13) | −0.16 (1.14) |
| Mean WAZ Scores (SD) | −0.62 (0.99) | −0.46 (0.98) | −0.59 (0.99) |
| Mean WHZ Scores (SD) | −0.70 (1.31) | −0.46 (1.30) | −0.66 (1.31) |
| Low Birth Weight | 12% (39/330) | 9% (6/68) | 11% (45/398) |
Note. p values from linear (continuous variables) and logistic (binary) mixed effect regressions. Denominators shown for variables with missing data.
*
p < .05
**
p < .01