TABLE 4.
General linear models of the association between mode of delivery and maternal satisfaction with the childbirth experience (FBS Birth Experience Scale), controlling for each of the time-interval variables and the confounders, First Baby Study, Pennsylvania, USA, 2009-2011
| FBS Birth Experience Scale Mean ± SD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mode of delivery | ||||
| Vaginal | Cesarean | F | P-value | |
| Model 1: controlling for confounders, but not time-interval variables | 69.47 ± 5.79 | 66.64 ± 7.33 | 93.95 | < .001 |
| Model 2: controlling for time to first see the newborn and confounders | ||||
| Time before mother first saw newborn after delivery | 27.36 | < .001 | ||
| Right away | 69.69 ± 5.60 | 67.71 ± 6.88 | ||
| 1-30 minutes | 68.16 ± 6.55 | 66.23 ± 7.35 | ||
| > 30 minutes | 66.83 ± 7.63 | 64.64 ± 7.91 | ||
| Model 3: controlling for time to first hold the newborn and confounders | ||||
| Time before mother first held newborn after delivery | 3.20 | 0.074 | ||
| 5 minutes or less | 69.83 ± 5.46 | 69.55 ± 6.25 | ||
| > 5-30 minutes | 69.20 ± 5.75 | 68.00 ± 6.66 | ||
| > 30 minutes | 66.24 ± 8.00 | 65.93 ± 7.48 | ||
| Model 4: controlling for time to first feed the newborn and confounders | ||||
| Time before mother first fed newborn after delivery | 40.68 | < .001 | ||
| 30 minutes or less | 70.07 ± 5.30 | 68.54 ± 7.28 | ||
| > 30 minutes-2 hours | 69.62 ± 5.54 | 67.44 ± 6.53 | ||
| > 2 hours | 67.59 ± 6.99 | 65.32 ± 7.85 | ||
| Model 5: controlling for Combined Time-Interval Scale score and confounders | ||||
| Combined Time-Interval Scale | .046 | 0.829 | ||
| 3* | 70.17 ± 5.29 | 72.84 ± 5.27 | ||
| 4 | 69.72 ± 5.29 | 69.43 ± 5.35 | ||
| 5 | 69.54 ± 5.60 | 67.46 ± 7.12 | ||
| 6 | 67.57 ± 7.21 | 67.55 ± 6.42 | ||
| 7 | 66.26 ± 6.90 | 66.12 ± 7.70 | ||
| 8 | 64.68 ± 9.97 | 65.82 ± 7.25 | ||
| 9** | 65.05 ± 8.35 | 63.81 ± 8.13 | ||
Means shown are unadjusted.
Each of the 5 general linear models controls for the confounders of maternal age, race, insurance coverage, late preterm delivery, high-risk delivery, fetal congenital conditions, maternal morbidities, neonatal morbidities and the support of a midwife or doula.
A score of 3 on the Combined Time-Interval Scale indicates that the new mother first saw her newborn right away after delivery as well as held her newborn in 5 minutes or less after delivery, and fed her newborn in 30 minutes or less after delivery.
A score of 9 on the Combined Time-Interval Scale indicates that the new mother first saw her newborn more than 30 minutes after delivery as well as held her newborn more than 30 minutes after delivery and fed her newborn more than 2 hours after delivery.