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. 2019 Feb 15;47(3):e206–e213. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003621

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Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

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Figure 4. — Brain injury associated with cytotoxic T cell autoreactivity to CNS antigens. Autoreactivity data separated by brain injury were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance, Fisher Least Significant Difference. Positive responses (change in proliferation fraction [ΔPF]) from all patients tested (#/#) and corresponding % indicated below graph. A, CD4 helper T cell responses did not differ between extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients without brain injury (circles) and those with brain injury (triangles). B, Autoreactive CD8 T cell responses were, however, more abundant in brain injury ECMO patients, and (C) B cell autoreactivity was increased ECMO patients without brain injury at day 1, which was reversed by day 3 as brain-injured ECMO patients exhibited increased autoreactivity. Significance between groups on an individual day is shown as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 or between groups, as indicated by brackets.