Table 1:
Characteristics of Study Participants, CARDIA (2005-2006)
| Characteristic | 1985 | 2005-2006 |
|---|---|---|
| N | 2316 | |
| Age, years | 25.1 ± 3.5 | 45.2 ± 3.6 |
| Female | 1324 (57.2%) 1322 (57.1%) |
|
| White | ||
| Center | ||
| Birmingham | 593 (25.6%) 608 (26.3%) 594 (25.7%) 521 (22.5%) |
|
| Chicago | ||
| Minneapolis | ||
| Oakland | ||
| Education, years | 14.2 ± 2.3 | 15.2 ± 2.6 |
| Smoking | ||
| Never | 1422 (62%) | 1454 (63%) |
| Former | 326 (14%) | 452 (20%) |
| Current | 557 (24%) | 395 (17%) |
| Weight, kg | 69.9 ± 15.1 | 84.3 ± 20.4 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.1 ± 4.5 | 29.0 ± 6.5 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 76.9 ± 10.8 | 90.9 ± 15.0 |
| Hypertension | 53 (2.3%) | 442 (19.1%) |
| Diabetes | 8 (0.4%) | 145 (6.3%) |
| Graded Exercise Test duration, secs | 595.2 ± 177.5 | 426.0 ± 158.7 |
| SDNN, ms | NA | 26.6 (17.5, 41.4) |
| rMSSD, ms | NA | 27.7 (17.9, 42.3) |
| Heart rate, bpm | 62.7 ± 10.5 | 65.7 ± 10.0 |
| Beta-blocker use | 5 (0.2%) | 35 (1.5%) |
| Calcium channel blocker use | NA | 6 (0.26%) |
Data are presented as no. (%), mean ± SD, or median (25th percentile, 75th percentile)